e012024.PDF

GENERAL INTEREST

Microcontrollers

the latest developments

By Guy Raedersdorf

It’s already been around 18 months since we last looked at the state of

affairs in the microcontroller world (February 1999). Time doesn’t stand

still, especially in this area, so we thought it was again time to make an

up-to-date ‘family photo’.

Atmel

www.atmel.com

Atmel are continuing on the course

that they set with their successful

AT90SXXX product, in this case with

the ATiny series. This consists of the

ATiny 12, 15, 22 and 28. The

ATiny 22 , for example, has 2 kB of

ﬂash memory, 128 bytes of RAM and

128 bytes of EEPROM on board.

The AT43320 and AT43USB321 can

be mentioned as the most recent

products. These are microcontroller-

based USB hubs.

The AT8X series includes the

AT89S8252 (an 80C32 with 8 kB of

ﬂash memory and 2 kB of EEPROM)

and the AT89S4D12 (an 80C31 with

128 kB of ﬂash memory). The PS ver-

sion of the former type is an ISP (in-

system programmable) part. The

clock frequencies, like the memory

sizes, are being steadily increased,

and they now lie around 33 MHz.

As regards 32-bit microcontrollers,

Atmel has the AT91 Thumb family.

The youngest scion of this clan is the

AT91F40416 , which is a combination

of an AT91M40400 microcontroller

and an AT49BV16x4 ﬂash memory.

Dallas Semiconductor

What we want to do here is to peek into the

kitchens of the most important manufactur-

ers, in order to see if they have anything new.

We conclude the article with some general

observations regarding the most

important developments, since these

naturally have an effect on the

course of hobby electronics.

www.dalsemi.com

With regard to microcontrollers, Dal-

las Semiconductor do not have much

Elektor Electronics

2/2001

GENERAL INTEREST

news to report.

The latest component is the

DS80C390 . This is a beefed-up 8051

with two integrated CAN controllers

and extensive peripherals. It brushes

aside the usual memory limitations,

since it can address 4 MB of data

memory and 4 MB of program mem-

ory (all external). With a clock fre-

bines an SAB C511 with new exten-

sions, such as an SPI-compatible

interface and a USB module.

A newcomer in Inﬁneon’s 16-bit fam-

ily is the SAF C165UTAH . This IC is

a derivative of the Inﬁneon C166, in

which the fully static 16-bit core is

used in combination with a USB

module, four HDLC controllers, an

IOM-2/PCM interface and 3 kB of on-

chip dual-port RAM. The entire

device works with 3.3 V, while the

outputs are TTL compatible.

Next we have the SAK-C167CR . The

C167CR and C167SR are the top-end

products of the C166 family. This is a

16-bit CPU with a 4-stage pipeline,

which works with a clock frequency

of up to 33 MHz. It can handle 4 kB

of on-chip SRAM, up to 128 kB of

ROM, a version 2.0B CAN module

(C167CR only), a four-channel MLI

unit and a 16-channel, 10-bit A/D

converter.

Another member of the C166 family

is the SAF C164CI-8EM . This also

has the features of the C167, but

with only 64 kB of program memory

and 3 kB of RAM. However, it does

have an on-board CAN module.

Infineon describes the SAF C161U

as ‘the USB controller for the new

millennium’. This inexpensive 16-bit

digital workhorse has a C166 core

combined with extensive on-chip

peripherals, such as a UART, five

timers and eight bi-directional, soft-

ware conﬁgurable USB endpoints.

It appears that the idea of develop-

ing a single core that can be used for

almost all applications is becoming

an established technique in micro-

controller design. This is how the

SAB TC10GP came to be. It is the

ﬁrst 32-bit single-core digital signal

processor (DSP). It is based on the

TriCore-1, runs at 66 MHz (soon to be

raised to 88 MHz) and has some

interesting features, such as a con-

figurable SRAM/cache memory. It

can have from 0 to 8 kB of SRAM pro-

gram memory with 8 to 16 kB of

cache memory. For data, there is 32

to 16 kB of SRAM with 0 to 16 kB of

cache memory. This microcontroller

is blessed with three 8-bit parallel

ports and can achieve 100 MIPS.

The TC1775 is a 32-bit microcon-

troller that forms the main stem of

the AUDO microcontroller family,

which has been developed by Infi-

neon especially for automotive appli-

cations. A 32-bit TriCore chip is also used

here, equipped with (among other things) a

Peripheral Control Processor (PCP) and very

flexible and powerful peripherals. It also

incorporates two synchronisable 12-bit A/D

converters and two CAN modules (Twin-

CAN).

Infineon continue to be intensively active in

the Smart Card area, and one of their latest

products is the SLE66CX640P , the ﬁrst Smart

Card controller with a 64-kB EEPROM.

quency of 40 MHz, the DS80C390

runs at a speed of around 120 MHz,

which is ten times faster than the

original design.

Another newcomer at Dallas Semi-

conductor is the DS87C550 . This

muscular derivative of the 8051 has

built-in analogue/digital (A/D) con-

verters, namely an 8-channel, 10-bit

A/D converter and a 4-channel, 8-bit

pulse-width modulator (PWM).

Finally, we can briefly mention the

DS80C323 . This is a low-power ver-

sion of the popular DS80C320. Run-

ning at 18 MHz, this controller deliv-

ers the performance of a 50-MHz

8051, while consuming no more than

10 mA.

Intel

www.intel.com

Although Intel are no longer active in the area

of classic microcontrollers and appears to pre-

fer ‘embedded’ controllers, they have still

brought out a very interesting and currently

unique controller, the 8XC196, which works

on the basis of fuzzy logic. This makes it a

very contemporary design.

Microchip

www.microchip.com

Without any doubt, Microchip are one of the

most enterprising of the microcontroller man-

ufacturers. They thus had no hesitation in

bringing 37 (!) new models of ﬂash controllers

to the market in May 2000. Of course, we can-

not discuss all of them, but in general they

contain between 1 and 64 k words of flash

program memory, up to 4 kB of data SRAM

and 256 bytes of data EEPROM. They are

housed in packages with 8 to 84 pins.

The most important new products from

Microchip are the 16F87X family (based on

flash technology), the PIC16C7X5 family

(including the PIC16C745 and the PIC17C765

with a USB interface), the PIC16C7XX family

(the PIC16C717, PIC16C770 and PIC16C771 ),

which can handle analogue signals, and the

completely new 18C family, which is a series

of powerful 8-bit microcontrollers.

Inﬁneon (ex Siemens)

www.inﬁneon.com

Inﬁneon’s product line includes sev-

eral important microcontrollers,

some of which were already men-

tioned in the previous article. The

latest arrivals from Infineon are

described below.

The SAB C508 comes with 32 kB of

OTP (One Time Programmable)

ROM, 1280 bytes of RAM and a 10-

bit A/D converter. This is an

improved version of the very well

known C504 microcontroller.

The SAB C541U , which is an 8-bit

microcontroller in the C500 family,

achieved a breakthrough in the

microcontroller ﬁeld by integrating a

USB controller into the chip. It com-

PIC16F87X

This series of RISC controllers has only 35

instructions in its instruction set. The size of

the ﬂash program memory ranges from 4096

2/2001

Elektor Electronics

GENERAL INTEREST

their range of 16-bit XA controllers.

If you have been keeping an eye on

developments in this area, you surely

will be aware of the XA-G3 controller

family. The controllers in the XA

(extended architecture) family are

backwards compatible with the

80C51.

The XA-G3 combines standard

peripherals with the PeliCAN 2.0B

bus. This 16-bit controller can

address its program and data mem-

ory at the 24-bit level. It runs at

32 MHz and has an SPI. The memory

consists of a 32-kB (EP)ROM and

1 kB of RAM. The PLCC or LQPF

package has 44 pins. The controller

runs at 32 MHz and has 42 interrupt

vectors, in addition to 1 kB of SRAM

for data. As with the other members

of the family, 32 kB of EPROM/ROM

is available for program memory.

to 8192 14-bit words, and there are 192 to

368 bytes of RAM available, as well as 128 to

256 bytes of EEPROM. The processing power

is 5 MIPS at 20 MHz. The peripherals consist

of A/D converters, an SSP port with SPI and

I 2 C, as well as a Parallel Slave Port (PSP) and

a USART.

troller with a USB or IBM/PS2 inter-

face provides a flexible solution for

PC peripheral devices, such as key-

boards, mice, wireless HF receivers,

USB converters, security measures

for e-commerce and joysticks. Its 8-

kB flash memory can be repro-

grammed up to 10,000 times, and it

includes 256 bytes of RAM, 37 I/O

lines and a two-channel, 16-bit timer.

The real news is the MMC 2107 . It is

the first member of a new general-

purpose microcontroller family,

based on the M210 MicroRISC

M-CORE. These new 32-bit inte-

grated circuits with flash memory,

which we are seeing increasingly

often, include numerous digital and

analogue peripherals, such as a

powerful 16-bit clock, communica-

tions interfaces, an A/D converter

with a resolution of 10 bits and 8 kB

of RAM. The processing power is

31 Dhrystones or 2.1 MIPS at

33 MHz. The MMC 2107 has a 128-kB

flash EEPROM and 8 kB of SRAM

with battery backup for programs or

data. Additional distinctive features

are an interrupt controller with 40

programmable lines and an 8-bit SPI

interface with error detection.

PICmicroFLASH

The new PIC18CXXX employs an improved

RISC kernel that is compatible with the archi-

tectures of three different families: PIC16C5X

(12-bit), PIC12C508CXXX and PIC16XXX

(14-bit) and PIC17CXXX (16-bit).

Up to now, the PIC18CXXX family consists of

the PIC18C242 , C422, C252 and C452 . The

first two of these have 8 k words of 16-bit

OTP program memory and 512 bytes of RAM.

There are also versions with flash memory.

The processing power is 10 MIPS.

The ﬁnal item in the Microchip line-up is the

PIC12CR509A , which is presently the smallest

8-bit ROM microcontroller. In spite of its

dimensions, it has room for no less than 1 kB

of program memory, 41 bytes of RAM and 6

I/O lines.

XA-S3

Another member of the XA family is

the XA-S3. This controller runs at

30 MHz, can address 32 kB of ROM-

less memory, and has 32 kB of EEP-

ROM/ROM and 1 kB of RAM on chip.

The XA-S3 is equipped with an I 2 C

interface. Note the presence of a 5-

channel, 16-bit programmable

counter array (PCA) and 50 I/O lines

with four programmable output con-

figurations. In addition, this device

has two UARTs with independent

baud rates and an 8-channel, 8-bit

A/D converter.

The latest addition to the family is

the XA-G49 , a controller with IAP

ﬂash memory (more on this later on),

which has the special feature that it

offers an Internet interface via the

iComponent from Connect One. The

XA-G49 has 64 kB of In-Application

Programmable (IAP) flash memory,

which allows the program code to be

modiﬁed while the program is being

executed. The combination of the

XA-G49 and the 561AD-S/P iCompo-

nent from Connect One offers the

Motorola

www.mcu.motsps.com

In last year’s article, we discussed the

68HC908GP20, and now we can introduce the

68HC908GP32 , which is a universal controller

with ISP flash memory. The family has also

been expanded with the 908JL3 , JK3 and

JK1 , and – lest we forget – recently with the

68HC908JB8 .

Based on the 68HC08, this new flash con-

Philips Semiconductors

www-us.semiconductors.philips.com

Philips, one of the major players

among the European component

manufacturers, continue to expand

Elektor Electronics

2/2001

GENERAL INTEREST

possibility of obtaining firmware

updates via the Internet in a simple,

fast and inexpensive manner. This is

an application that we will certainly

hear more about in the future. This

chip also has 2 kB of RAM.

For more information about iChip,

you can have a look at the following

Internet address:

www.connectone.com

they largely satisfy EMC require-

ments, which nowadays is a highly

valued feature.

are distinguished by their high clock rates,

which range up to 50 MHz for some types.

51LPC family

The latest offspring of this family are

the P87LPC768 , 67 , 64 and 62 . This

family, based on the 80C51 kernel, is

target for applications in which low

cost is the most important criterion. A

number of modern touches are pre-

sent, such as brownout detection,

analogue functions and an inte-

grated RC oscillator, so that the

number of external components can

be considerably reduced.

The P87LPC768 has a 4-kB OTP

memory, a 4-channel, 8-bit A/D con-

verter and a PWM. These features

also apply to the P87LPC767 . The

P87LPC762 has only 2 kB of OTP

memory, but it has 128 bytes of

SRAM. The P87LPC764 is the twin

brother of the former controller, but

it has 4 kB of OTP memory. Running

at 20 MHz, it is just as powerful as a

C51 running at 40 MHz. A full-duplex

UART is integrated into each of

these components.

SX52 / 42BD

While the SX18/20/28AC can deliver a perfor-

mance of 50/75 MIPS, the SX52DB achieves

100 MIPS. However, the surprising news from

Scenix is the change of course they have

made in the direction of communications. We

are curious to see what the future will bring.

P8xC591

Here again we have an 80C51 single-

chip controller with a CAN bus that

complies with the CAN 2.0B stan-

dard. The powerful instruction set of

the 80C51 is here combined with the

PeliCAN functionality of the

SJA1000, a CAN controller that has

been used in several Elektor Elec-

tronics designs.

ST Microelectronics

www.st.com

ST Microelectronics are well known for hav-

ing one of the most extensive controller fam-

ilies to be found, ranging from the inexpen-

sive ST62 series to 32-bit and 64-bit cores,

which are intended to be used in embedded

systems. ST are one of the three most impor-

tant producers of 8-bit controllers.

ST’s primary product line consists of the 8-bit

ST family and the 8/16-bit ST9 family

P89C51Rx2

The controllers in the P89C51Rx2

series satisfy the very latest

demands. They are naturally com-

patible with the 80C51, have up to

64 kB of ﬂash program memory and

1 kB of RAM for data (P89C51RD2);

the B2 and C2 versions have respec-

tively 16 kB and 32 kB of ﬂash mem-

ory and 512 bytes of RAM. The ﬂash

memory can be programmed in par-

allel as well as by means of in-sys-

tem programming (ISP). In-applica-

tion programming (IAP) is also pos-

sible. Since the Rx2 has a boot ROM,

the ﬂash memory can even be mod-

iﬁed while an application is running.

ST6

The ST6 series includes the ST62 and ST63

families. These are 8-bit controllers. The ST62

family can be divided into the ST620X ,

ST622X , ST623X , ST624X , ST625X , ST626X

and ST628X series. The ST63 family has no

less than 17 different members. The interest-

ing feature of this family is the presence of an

EEPROM. However, these families have not

been particularly successful. This is partly

due to the fact that ST have chosen to give

more attention to the ST7 family.

Scenix

www.scenix.com

Scenix are known for their SX series

of controllers. They combine a

pseudo-RISC architecture with on-

chip data and program memory,

which allows instructions to be

processed in a single cycle. In com-

bination with a deterministically pro-

grammable architecture, this allows

the functions of certain real-time

hardware to be replaced by program

modules (virtual peripherals).

ST7

The ST72XXX family offers many choices

with regard to on-chip memory, ranging from

4 kB of program memory and 128 bytes of

RAM (in the ST72101) to 32 kB of program

memory and 1 kB of RAM plus 256 bytes of

EEPROM (in the ST7231). Program memory

was originally provided in the form of ROM,

OTP and EPROM, but there are presently no

fewer than 27 members of the family with

ﬂash memory. The different family members

Philips have recently brought out a

new controller family whose name

will no doubt call up memories,

namely the NEW!80C51+ . These

newcomers are compatible with

their 80C51 predecessors, but their

power consumption is a factor of two

lower, they work at significantly

higher clock rates, they have a

greater supply voltage range and

SX18/20/28AC

Scenix have plunged into communi-

cations and offers the SX18/20/28AC

for such applications. These devices

2/2001

Elektor Electronics

GENERAL INTEREST

have various features, including a multi-chan-

nel, 8-bit A/D converter and SPI, I 2 C, USB and

CAN interfaces. An interesting example of

the ST72 family is the ST72171 , which is a

controller with analogue functions that allows

the gain to be programmed. This is the first

controller to be equipped with a software pro-

grammable gain amplifier (SPGA). In addi-

tion, the ST72171 has ﬂash memory and pow-

erful analogue and digital functions.

Another new and interesting family is the

ST7263 , which has a low-speed USB inter-

face. The chip with an 8-bit CAN bus has 4 to

16 kB of ROM/OTP memory. One of the latest

additions is the ST72141 , which is optimised

for driving DC and induction motors.

the addition of a second UART and a

baud-rate generator that makes the

internal timers independent of the

clock frequency.

New models include the TS80C52X2

(8 kB), the TS80C54X2 (16 kB), the

TS80CC58X2 (32 kB) and the

TS80C51RX2 . The ‘X2’ suffix indi-

cates that these devices work with

an internal clock that is twice the

external clock frequency, which

means that 60-MHz performance can

be achieved with a 30-MHz external

clock. The size of the memory varies

between 16 and 64 kB of ROM/OTP

and 512 to 1024 bytes of RAM. Up to

RAM, a 120-segment LCD driver, an

extended supply voltage range (2.5

to 5.5 V) and a current consumption

of only 400

A at 1 MHz and 3 V, or

2 µA in standby mode and 0.1 µA

without RAM battery backup. It has

a USART and a CAN bus interface

and works with an ‘old-fashioned’

32-kHz crystal, while the internal

clock rate can run as high as

3.8 MHz.

TMS370 family

Some members of this family, desig-

nated as the TMS370Cx8x ,

TMS370C080 / 380 / 686 and

SE370C686 , are still in the prototype

stage. These are all 8-bit controllers,

of which only the SE version might

be interesting to readers of Elektor

Electronics , since its EPROM allows

it to be reprogrammed.

Another new development is the

TMS370Cx2x series, including the

TMS370C020A , 022 A, 320A , 322A ,

722 and SE370C722 . Their features

are the same as those of other mod-

ern chips: ISP, SCI1 (Serial Commu-

nication Interface 1) and so on. The

772 version has an EPROM.

ST9

The motto of the ST9 family could well be ‘16-

bit performance at an 8-bit price’. The newest

versions include the ST92F120 family, which

has on-chip flash memory and RAM. The

ST9 family is presently fabricated in 0.5-µm

technology, but the 0.35-µm boundary

should be crossed in the course of this year.

The final family that has been announced is

the ST92163 family. It has an integrated high-

speed USB interface, which makes it suitable

for MP3 applications, among others. It has

20 kB of program memory and 2 kB of RAM.

Zilog

Temic Semiconductor

http://www.zilog.com

http://www.temic-semi.com

The latest scion of the Temic clan is the

T89C51RD2 , an 8-bit controller with 64 kB of

ISP flash memory, 2 kB of EEPROM, a boot

loader in the ﬂash memory, 256 bytes of RAM

and 1 kB of XRAM. In addition to its 80C51

architecture, this controller has all the fea-

tures of the Temic TS8xC51Rx2, namely

256 bytes of on-chip RAM and 1 kB of XRAM,

a PCA and the advantage of a fast core (X2

mode). ISP makes it possible to store data

directly in the flash memory of the

T89C51RD2 using the standard supply volt-

age. This chip also has a WDT.

The C51 series also has other members, such

as the T8XC510X . This new 8-bit controller

family has 16 kB of ROM/OTP (8 kB for the

T83C5102 ) and 512 bytes of RAM. It is

housed in a 24-pin package. It can also run at

twice the clock frequency (X2).

Some other members of the family are the

T87C5101 (16-kB OTP), the T83C5101 (16-kB

ROM) and the T83C5102 (8-kB ROM). The

clock frequency is 66 MHz at 5 V and 40 MHz

at 3 V.

The TS80C51U2 is a faster controller with

more peripherals than its predecessors. The

improvements that have been made include

48 I/O lines are available.

The 8/16-bit architecture is charac-

teristic of the C51 family. A three-

stage pipeline provides performance

that is ﬁve times as good as that of a

standard 80C51. Using the new

instruction set of the C51, it is possi-

ble to increase the performance by a

factor of 15 at the same clock rate.

In the present C51 family, we can

mention in passing the TSC80251,

the TS83251 and the TS87251.

MUZE Z86E1XX family

The Z8 is the godfather of the MUZE

Z86E1XX controller family, which is

intended to be used for universal

applications. These are OTP con-

trollers with on-chip ISP memory

ranging from 4 to 64 kB. In-circuit

serial programming (ICSP) allows

the devices to be programmed after

they have been soldered to a circuit

board. A standard industrial UART

makes it easy to communicate with

other controllers or even a PC host.

In addition, the MUZE chips have

two analogue comparators, two

timers, a watchdog timer (WDT) and

237 bytes of RAM. The 13x series

has a 28-pin package, while the 14x

series has a 40 or 44-pin package.

Some technical details: the Z86E132

has 4 kB of OTP ROM and 237 bytes

of RAM, while the 133 has 8 kB, the

134 16 kB, the 135 32 kB and the 136

64 kB. The devices in the Z86E14x

series have the same memory capac-

ities as those in the 13x series, but

they have 24 I/O lines instead of 32.

Texas Instruments

http://www.ti.com

Although Texas Instruments do not

have a big name in the area of con-

trollers, they still offer a very broad

product range.

The 16-bit RISC controller series

was designed to be extremely

energy efficient, so that it can work

as long as possible with a battery

supply. Some of the more striking

features of the MSP430C336 are:

24 kB of ROM/OTP/EPROM, 1 kB of

Elektor Electronics

2/2001

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