Encyclopedia of Invasions and Conquests.pdf

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

INVASIONS

AND

CONQUESTS

FROM ANCIENT TIMES

TO THE PRESENT

Paul K. Davis

Millerton, NY

PUBLISHER:

Leslie Mackenzie

E D I T O R I A L D I R E C T O R :

Laura Mars-Proietti

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First Edition printed 1996

Second Edition printed 2006

Printed in the USA

Publisher's Cataloging-In-Publication Data

(Prepared by The Donohue Group, Inc.)

Davis, Paul K., 1952-

Encyclopedia of invasions and conquests from ancient times to the present / Paul K. Davis. -- 2nd ed.

p. : ill., maps ; cm.

ISBN: 1-59237-114-0

Originally published: Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, 1996.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Military history--Encyclopedias. I. Title. II. Title: Invasions and conquests from ancient times to

the present

D25.A2 D38 2006

355/.003

E NCYCLOPEDIA OF I NVASIONS AND C ONQUESTS

F ROM A NCIENT T IMES TO THE P RESENT

S ECOND E DITION

D ETAILED T ABLE OF C ONTENTS ....... iii

P REFACE ............................................... ix

L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS ..................... xi

L IST OF M APS ....................................... xii

SECTION ONE : ENTRIES

DETAILED ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES

P ART 1: T HE A NCIENT W ORLD ............................................1

P ART 2: T HE C LASSICAL W ORLD ..........................................17

P ART 3: T HE D ARK AND M IDDLE A GES .................................57

P ART 4: T HE R ENAISSANCE AND THE A GE OF E XPLORATION ....129

P ART 5: T HE A GE OF R EVOLUTIONS AND N APOLEON ..............195

P ART 6: T HE A GE OF E MPIRES ..............................................229

P ART 7: T HE T WENTIETH C ENTURY ......................................289

SECTION TWO : BIBLIOGRAPHY ...........................421

SECTION THREE : READINGS .................................435

DETAILED ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES

SECTION FOUR :

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF ENTRIES ....................529

SECTION FIVE : INDEX ...........................................539

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

E NCYCLOPEDIA OF I NVASIONS AND C ONQUESTS

F ROM A NCIENT T IMES TO THE P RESENT

S ECOND E DITION

SECTION ONE : ENTRIES

PART 1 THE ANCIENT WORLD ....................................... 1

ASSYRIAN EMPIRE ...............................................................2

CANAAN , ISRAELITE INVASION OF .......................................4

CHALDEAN ( NEO - BABYLONIAN ) EMPIRE , EXPANSION OF .........7

CYRUS THE GREAT ..............................................................8

EGYPT , HYKSOS INVASION OF ..............................................9

HITTITES ...........................................................................11

INDIA , ARYAN INVASION OF ................................................12

KUSH , EXPANSION OF .........................................................13

PALESTINE , EGYPTIAN INVASIONS OF ...................................14

SARGON THE GREAT ..........................................................15

PART 2 THE CLASSICAL WORLD .................................... 17

ALEXANDER THE GREAT ......................................................18

AUGUSTUS , CAESAR ...........................................................20

BRITAIN , ROMAN CONQUEST OF ..........................................22

CAESAR , JULIUS .................................................................24

CARTHAGE , EXPANSION OF .................................................26

CARTHAGE , ROMAN INVASION OF ( THIRD PUNIC WAR ) ..........27

CH ' IN DYNASTY ..................................................................28

CONSTANTINE , EMPEROR ....................................................29

EGYPT , ALEXANDER ' S CONQUEST OF .....................................30

GAUL , ROMAN CONQUEST OF ..............................................32

GERMANY , ROMAN INVASION OF ..........................................33

GREECE , PERSIAN INVASION OF ............................................35

HAN DYNASTY ...................................................................37

HANNIBAL .........................................................................39

INDIA , ALEXANDER ' S INVASION OF .......................................41

ITALY , CARTHAGINIAN INVASION OF ( SECOND PUNIC WAR )...42

MAURYAN EMPIRE ..............................................................45

PERSIA , ALEXANDER ' S CONQUEST OF ....................................46

PHILIP OF MACEDON ...........................................................48

PTOLEMAIC DYNASTY .........................................................49

SELEUCID EMPIRE ...............................................................50

SICILY , ROMAN CONQUEST OF ( FIRST PUNIC WAR ) .................52

SPAIN , ROMAN CONQUEST OF ..............................................54

iii

PART 3 THE DARK AND MIDDLE AGES ........................... 57

AVARS .............................................................................. 58

AXUM , EXPANSION OF ........................................................ 59

BRITAIN , NORMAN INVASION OF ......................................... 59

BULGARS ........................................................................... 61

BYZANTINE EMPIRE ............................................................ 62

CAROLINGIAN DYNASTY ..................................................... 64

CHINA , KHITAN INVASION OF ............................................. 66

CHINA , MONGOL CONQUEST OF ........................................... 67

CRUSADES ......................................................................... 68

ENGLAND , VIKING CONQUEST OF ......................................... 71

EUROPE , MONGOL INVASION OF .......................................... 73

FRANCE , VIKING INVASION OF ............................................. 75

FRANKS ............................................................................ 76

GENGHIS KHAN .................................................................. 78

GHANA , ALMORAVID INVASION OF ...................................... 80

GUPTA EMPIRE ................................................................... 81

HUNDRED YEARS ' WAR ....................................................... 82

HUNS ................................................................................ 84

INDIA , KUSHAN INVASION OF .............................................. 86

INDIA , MUSLIM INVASION OF .............................................. 87

IRELAND , ENGLISH INVASION OF ......................................... 89

IRELAND , VIKING INVASIONS OF .......................................... 90

ITALY AND SICILY , NORMAN CONQUEST OF ........................... 90

JAPAN , MONGOL INVASIONS OF ........................................... 91

JUSTINIAN ........................................................................ 93

KHMER KINGDOM ............................................................... 95

KOREA , MONGOL INVASION OF ............................................ 97

KUBILAI KHAN ................................................................... 98

LOMBARDS ........................................................................ 99

MAGYARS .......................................................................... 100

MALI , EXPANSION OF ......................................................... 101

MEXICO , AZTEC CONQUEST OF ............................................ 102

MIDDLE EAST , MONGOL INVASION OF THE ............................ 103

MIDDLE EAST , MUSLIM CONQUEST OF THE ............................ 105

MING DYNASTY .................................................................. 107

OSTROGOTHS .................................................................... 109

RUSSIA , ESTABLISHMENT AND EXPANSION OF ....................... 110

RUSSIA , MONGOL CONQUEST OF .......................................... 113

SCOTLAND , ENGLISH CONQUEST OF ..................................... 114

SCYTHIANS ....................................................................... 116

SONGHAY , EXPANSION OF ................................................... 117

SPAIN , MUSLIM CONQUEST OF ............................................. 118

TAMURLANE ...................................................................... 119

T ' ANG DYNASTY ................................................................. 120

TURKS .............................................................................. 122

VANDALS .......................................................................... 124

VIETNAM , CHINESE CONQUEST OF ....................................... 125

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