Apress.Exploring.C.Plus.Plus.The.Programmers.Introduction.To.C.Plus.Plus.Dec.2008.eBook-ELOHiM.pdf

Exploring C++

The Programmer’s Introduction

to C++

Ray Lischner

Exploring C++: The Programmer’s Introduction to C++

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval

system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-749-1

ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-749-4

ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-1895-1

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Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence

of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark

owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.

Lead Editor: Matthew Moodie

Technical Reviewer: Francis Glassborow

Editorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Mark Beckner, Ewan Buckingham, Tony Campbell,

Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper,

Frank Pohlmann, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh

Project Manager: Richard Dal Porto

Copy Editor: Octal Publishing, Inc.

Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony

Production Editor: Ellie Fountain

Compositor: Dina Quan

Proofreaders: Lisa Hamilton and Linda Seifert

Indexer: John Collin

Cover Designer: Kurt Krames

Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski

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Contents at a Glance

About the Author ..................................................................xxi

About the Technical Reviewer .....................................................xxiii

Acknowledgments ............................................................... xxv

Introduction .....................................................................xxvii

PART 1 NNN The Basics

EXPLORATION 1

Honing Your Tools ............................................3

EXPLORATION 2

Reading C++ Code ..........................................13

EXPLORATION 3

Integer Expressions ..........................................21

EXPLORATION 4

Strings ......................................................27

EXPLORATION 5

Simple Input ................................................33

EXPLORATION 6

Error Messages .............................................39

EXPLORATION 7

For Loops ...................................................45

EXPLORATION 8

Formatted Output ............................................49

EXPLORATION 9

Arrays and Vectors ..........................................59

EXPLORATION 10

Increment and Decrement ...................................71

EXPLORATION 11

Conditions and Logic ........................................77

EXPLORATION 12

Compound Statements .......................................85

EXPLORATION 13

Introduction to File I/O .......................................95

EXPLORATION 14

The Map Data Structure ......................................99

EXPLORATION 15

Type Synonyms ............................................105

EXPLORATION 16

Characters .................................................109

EXPLORATION 17

Character Categories .......................................115

EXPLORATION 18

Case-Folding ...............................................123

EXPLORATION 19

Writing Functions ...........................................127

EXPLORATION 20

Function Arguments ........................................137

iii

N CONTENTS AT A GLANCE

EXPLORATION 21

Using Algorithms ...........................................145

EXPLORATION 22

Overloading Function Names ................................157

EXPLORATION 23

Big and Little Numbers .....................................163

EXPLORATION 24

Very Big and Very Little Numbers ............................173

EXPLORATION 25

Documentation .............................................181

EXPLORATION 26

Project 1: Body-Mass Index .................................189

PART 2 NNN Custom Types

EXPLORATION 27

Custom Types ..............................................195

EXPLORATION 28

Overloading Operators ......................................203

EXPLORATION 29

Custom I/O Operators .......................................213

EXPLORATION 30

Assignment and Initialization ................................219

EXPLORATION 31

Writing Classes .............................................227

EXPLORATION 32

More About Member Functions ..............................235

EXPLORATION 33

Access Levels ..............................................247

EXPLORATION 34

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming ................257

EXPLORATION 35

Inheritance .................................................265

EXPLORATION 36

Virtual Functions ...........................................275

EXPLORATION 37

Classes and Types ..........................................283

EXPLORATION 38

Declarations and Definitions ................................293

EXPLORATION 39

Using Multiple Source Files .................................305

EXPLORATION 40

Function Objects ...........................................321

EXPLORATION 41

Useful Algorithms ..........................................331

EXPLORATION 42

Iterators ...................................................345

EXPLORATION 43

Exceptions .................................................357

EXPLORATION 44

More Operators .............................................373

EXPLORATION 45

Project 2: Fixed-Point Numbers .............................385

PART 3 NNN Generic Programming

EXPLORATION 46

Function Templates .........................................393

EXPLORATION 47

Class Templates ............................................405

EXPLORATION 48

Template Specialization ....................................415

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