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Pobierz
SEEINGASHOW
INLONDON—
ANDBEINGA
PARTOFIT,TOO
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WEEKEND ARTS
MATTDAMON
ASTHEONLY
HEROWHOCAN
SAVEUSALL
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WEEKEND ARTS
WEEKEND
MAFIABOSSOR
JUSTAGOOD
NEIGHBOR?
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WORLD NEWS
TRUTH,LOVE
ANDADASHOF
UNCERTAINTY
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BOOKS
DISCOVERING
‘THEFLORENCE
OFTHESOUTH’
BACKPAGE
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TRAVEL
....
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
SATURDAY-SUNDAY,AUGUST10-11,2013
GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
Stimulus
forRussia:
Opendoors
ofgulagcells
Educators
planningbig
leapinonline
coursework
Elitemaster’s degree
atadiscountpricecould
upend on-campusmodel
MOSCOW
Putinseeksto revitalize
the economybyfreeing
jailedbusinesspeople
BYTAMARLEWIN
NextJanuary,theGeorgiaInstituteof
Technology,oneofthetopuniversities
intheUnitedStates,planstooffera
master’sdegreeincomputerscienceto
thousandsofstudentsonlineforafrac-
tionoftheon-campuscost,afirstforan
eliteinstitution.
Theuniversityhopestoattract10,000
studentsfromaroundtheworld.Ifiteven
approachesthatgoal,itcouldchangethe
landscapeofhighereducation.
Fromtheirstarttwoyearsago—when
anartificial intelligencecoursefrom
Stanfordenrolled170,000students—free
onlinecourseshavedrawnmillionsand
yieldedtriumphsliketheperfectscores
ofBattusig,a15-year-oldMongolianboy,
inatoughcircuitscoursefromtheMas-
sachusettsInstituteofTechnology.
But suchmassiveopenonline
courses,orMOOCs,havenot,asyet,re-
shapedthehighereducationlandscape,
partlybecausetheyoffernocreditand
leadtonodegree.
Thedisruptionmaybeapproaching,
though.GeorgiaTech,inAtlanta,willof-
feritsonlinemaster’sincomputersci-
encefor$6,600—farlessthanthe
$45,000on-campusprice.
Theonlinecourseswillbefreefor
thosenotseekingadegree.Students
whocannotmeettheadmissionstan-
dardsmaybeadmittedprovisionally
andallowedtotransferiniftheydowell
intheirfirsttwocourses.Andstudents
whocompleteonlyafewcourseswould
getacertificate.
ZviGalil,deanofthecollegeofcom-
puting,saidtheprogramwouldbepar-
ticularlyattractivetointernationalstu-
dents. ‘‘Online, there’s no visa
problem,’’hesaid.
Theprogramrestsonanunusual
partnershipforgedbyDr.GalilandSe-
bastianThrun,afounderofUdacity,a
SiliconValleyMOOCprovider.
Althoughitisjustonedegreeatone
university,theprospectofaprestigious
low-costdegreeprogramhassparked
greatinterest.Someeducatorsthinkthe
leapfromindividualnoncreditcourses
tofulldegreeprogramscouldsignalthe
nextphaseinMOOCsandbringreal
changetohighereducation.
‘‘PerhapsZviGalilandSebastian
ThrunwillprovetobetheWrightBroth-
erofMOOCs,’’saidS.JamesGates,Jr.,a
physicistwhoservesonPresident
BarackObama’sCouncilofAdviserson
ScienceandTechnology. ‘‘Thisisthe
firstdeliberateandthoughtfulattempt
toapplyeducationtechnologytobring-
inginstructiontoscale.’’
BYANDREWE.KRAMER
AbusinessownerinRussiahasabetter
chanceofendingupinthepenalcolony
systemonceknownasthegulagthana
burglardoes.
Morethan110,000peopleareserving
timeforwhatRussiacallseconomic
crimes,outofapopulationofaboutthree
millionself-employedpeopleandowners
ofsmallandmidsizebusinesses.
Another2,500areinjailsawaitingtri-
alforthisclassofcrime,whichincludes
fraudbutcanalsoencompassembezzle-
ment,counterfeitingandtaxevasion.
ButwiththeRussianeconomylan-
guishing,PresidentVladimirV.Putin
hasdevisedaplanforturningthings
around:offeramnestytosomeofthe
imprisonedbusinesspeople.
‘‘ThiscanbeunderstoodintheRus-
siancontext,’’BorisTitov,Mr.Putin’s
JONM.CHU
Investors,actorsandcelebritiespaid$5,000eachtoseehowthenonprofitcharity:water,whichspeaksthelanguageofSiliconValleyandprioritizestransparency, operatesinthefield.
Asave-the-worldfieldtrip
JAMESHILLFORTHENYT
RuslanV. Tyelkovlostanupholsterybusi-
nessandspentayearintheprisonsystem.
taketheentrepreneursfromDubaitoa
four-dayeventlastspringhewascall-
ingF.oundersEthiopia—thenameare-
sultofapartnershipwithF.ounders,a
Dublin-basedtechnologyconference—
andhewasworriedthatsomepeople
mighttakeitthewrongway.Several
daysearlier,heaskedme,ifImentioned
theplane,toincludeitsprice,$82,000,a
figurehedecidedwas‘‘notscary.’’(The
guestswouldeachpaytheirshareofthe
trip,$5,000,fromwhichroughly$1,700
wouldgototherentaloftheplane.)
‘‘WhatIdon’twantisabunchofguys
flyinginonaprivatejettopetthepoor
foracoupleofdays,’’hesaid.
Iwastojointhiscrewastheyheaded
withMr.HarrisontoTigray,themoun-
tainousregioninEthiopia’sfarnorth,
wheremuchoftheruralpopulationstill
lacksbasicserviceslikeelectricity,toi-
letsand,cruciallyforMr.Harrison,ac-
cesstocleandrinkingwater.
Sinceitsfounding,Mr.Harrison’s
charityhasworkedin20countries,but
ithasspentmoremoneydrillingwells
andsettinguphandpumpsinTigray
Charityfoundertakes
mogulsto Africato make
themtrustphilanthropy
Twoaims:Waterandtrust
FromTheNewYorkTimesMagazine
ombudsmanforentrepreneurs’rights,
saidofwhatis,evenbythestandardsof
theglobalrecession,ahighlyunusual
stimuluseffort.
Theamnestyisneeded,Mr.Titov
said,becausethegovernment‘‘overre-
acted’’tothethreatoforganizedcrime
andtheinequitiesofprivatization,and
over-prosecutedentrepreneursduring
Mr.Putin’sfirst12yearsinpoweras
presidentandprimeminister.
Russia’seconomydoesneedhelp.In
thefirstquarter,growthfelltoarateof
1.6percentbecauseoilpriceswerelevel.
Inthateconomicclimate,fewRussians
seemwillingtoriskopeningnewbusi-
nessesthatmightcreatejobsandtax
revenueforthegovernment.
Mr.Putintoldanaudienceofchiefex-
ecutivesataneconomicforum—includ-
ingMichaelL.CorbatofCitigroupand
JeffreyR.ImmeltofGeneralElectric—
inthearea.Tigrayalsohappenstobe
relativelysafeandheartachinglybeau-
tiful—makingitasuitabledestination
foragroupofyoungmillionaires.
Mr.Harrison,whois37,hasatend-
ency,honedwhileworkinginhis20sas
aManhattannightclubpromoter,oftak-
ingoveranyroominwhichhehappens
tofindhimself.AtOttomans,aposh
TurkishrestaurantinDubaiwherethe
techgroupgatheredforawelcomedin-
ner,Mr.Harrisonwasinfullpromoter
mode.Hebeganbyrecountingthegen-
esisofthetrip:Hewashavingabeerat
F.ounderswithMichaelBirch,thecreat-
orofthesocialnetworkBebo.‘‘Michael
andIwereclosingoutthebar,andhe
leanedoverandsaid,‘Weshouldbring
everyoneheretoEthiopia,’’’Mr.Har-
risontoldus.‘‘Therewere120people,’’
hesaid,pausingforeffect.‘‘Thereare40
ofushere.Sowe’redoingprettygood.’’
BYMAXCHAFKIN
IftherewasonethingtroublingScott
Harrisonashestooduptoaddressa
groupofnearly50,includingmorethan
adozenSiliconValleywunderkinder,it
wasthematteroftheprivatejet.
Actually,‘‘privatejet’’was,whenhe
thoughtaboutit,abitofanexaggeration.
Mr.HarrisonwasnoGregMortenson,
thedisgracededucationadvocatewhose
useofdonationsforcharteredjets
(amongotherthings)ledtoaninvestiga-
tionbytheMontanaattorneygeneralas
Mortenson’sschools inAfghanistan
foundered.Butstill,charity:water,the
nonprofitMr.Harrisonstarted,wassup-
posedtobearejoindertoconventional
philanthropy—theinefficiency, the
celebrityculture,theLearjets.
Mr.Harrisonhadrentedthe737to
MATTMULLENWEG
ScottHarrisonhasraisedroughly$100mil-
lionsincefoundingcharity:waterin2006.
thananywhereelse—projectedtobe
some$27millionbytheendofthisyear.
Bytryingtoensurethattheregion’sen-
tireruralpopulation,somefourmillion
people,hasaccesstocleanwater,Mr.
Harrisonhopestobeabletoofferproof
thattheglobalwatercrisisissolvable.
Sofar,charity:waterclaimstohave
providedcleanwatertoamillionpeople
RUSSIA,PAGE11
EDUCATION,PAGE4
WATER, PAGE5
WORLDNEWS
France’svoicefortheexcluded
MinisterforJusticeChristianeTaubira
isanoutspokenwomanofcolorina
positionofvisibilityandinfluence;few
havecomebeforeherinFrance.Asan
advocateforthelegalizationofgay
marriageshefacedconsiderable
resistance,someofwhichshe
attributestoherrace.
VIEWS
Iran’sPlanBforthebomb
ModeratemessagesfromTehran
shouldnotbeallowedtocamouflage
Iran’scontinuingprogresstowarda
nuclearbomb,writeAmosYadlin
andAvnerGolov.
PAGE6
Waffle,vacillate,fail
BytryingtoplaybothsidesinEgypt,
theObamaadministrationiswinning
overneither,andAmericansand
Egyptiansarepayingtheprice,
JonathanTeppermanwrites.
PAGE3
IsraelidroneattackinEgypt
AraredronestrikebyIsraelon
Egyptianterritoryappearedtosignal
significantnewcooperationbetween
thetwoneighborsoversecuritymatters
inthelargelylawlessSinaiPeninsula
sincethemilitaryoustedEgypt’s
Islamistpresidentlastmonth.
PAGE7
ONLINE
Obamatofacereporters
PresidentBarackObamawas
scheduledtotakequestionsfromthe
newsmediaonFridaybeforeaweeklong
vacation.Hewaslikelytofacequestions
aboutarecentsurgeofnationalsecurity
news,includingacontinuingterrorism
threatthatcausedtheadministrationto
closediplomaticfacilitiesaroundthe
world.VisitourWebsiteforupdatesand
analysis.
FRANCKFIFE/AGENCEFRANCE-PRESSE
SPORTS
Onyourmark
TestingthetrackbeforetheI.A.A.F.WorldChampionshipsin
MoscowonFriday.Questionsofdopinghaveagainariseninthetrackworld.
PAGE4
Usingbluntnessasaweapon
JohnF.Sopkoisa61-year-oldformer
prosecutorwhobelievesthat
‘‘embarrassingpeopleworks.’’Asthe
U.S.government’sspecialinspector
generalforAfghanreconstruction,he
hasmadeafull-timejobofdoingjust
that.
PAGE14
BUSINESS
Europeantelecomsdrawbids
CarlosSlimHelúhasoffered¤7.2billion
fortheDutchoperatorKPNaslow
valuationsattractattention.
Asimpleplanforsaferbanks
Manyeconomistsagreethatbanks
shouldnotbeallowedtoborrowso
much,AdamDavidsonwrites.
PAGE8
PAGE9
PAGE9
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SATURDAY-SUNDAY,AUGUST10-11,2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
PAGETWO
Theshifting
identityof
NewYork
thatMr.Whitewroteof,advisedaspir-
ingPattiSmithstotrysomewhere
cheaperandeasier.‘‘NewYorkhas
closeditselfofftotheyoungandthe
struggling,’’shetoldaninterviewer.
‘‘Butthereareothercities:Detroit,
Poughkeepsie.NewYorkCityhasbeen
takenawayfromyou.Somyadviceis:
Findanewcity.’’
And,indeed,manyprominentpeople
whowanttofixDetroit—andNewOr-
leansandPittsburgh,amongother
places—seeinachangingNewYork
theirgreatopportunity.Whatthosecit-
iesmaylackinsecurityandpublicser-
vices,theymakeupforwiththeoppor-
tunitytocrashwithabunchoffriends
ina$500-a-monthhouseandpursue
creativeworkofthesortthattakes
timetoberecognizedandfinanced.
InPattiSmith’sday,NewYork
offeredthat,too.Nolonger.Afairindi-
cationofwherethingsstandmaybe
theNewYorktelevisionshowofthe
moment,HBO’s‘‘Girls.’’Ashowabout
flailing,post-collegiatemillennials,it
hasacastthatinreallifereflectsthe
comingofaNewYorkwhosefunction
istohelpsuccessfulpeopletransmit
theiradvantagesdownthegeneticline
ratherthandiscovernewsuccesses
fromobscurityorevenQueens.
Thewriter,directorandstarofthe
show,LenaDunham,isthedaughterof
twosuccessfulNewYorkartists.Soit
iswithherco-stars:AllisonWilliamsis
thedaughterofaleadingnewscaster,
BrianWilliams.ZosiaMametisthe
daughterofDavidMamet,theeminent
directorandplaywright.JemimaKirke
isthedaughterofarock-banddrum-
merandtheproprietorofafashionable
WestVillageboutique.
WhatisremarkableaboutNewYork
todayisthatanentirecityisbecoming
assafe,andthereforeaccessible,as
onlyportionsofManhattanoncewere.
Toputthetransformationinperspec-
tive:Themostdangerousprecinctsof
theBronxtodayreportfewerviolent
crimesthantheregalUpperEastSide
didin1993.
Whatthismeansinpractical,rather
thanstatistical,termsisthis:Foran
urbanwalkerlikeme,NewYorkhas
becomethatrarityamongAmerican
cities,whereyoucanpicktwopoints
onamapandwalkbetweenthem,
withoutresearchingwhatareasliein
between.Itisaremarkable,freeing
thing.
Thisfreeingmakesforabettercity.
Butitalsomultipliestheareaofthe
cityinwhichreal-estatespeculators
andtheuber-talentedcompetefor
spacewiththeaverage,thestruggling,
thepeoplestillfishingouttheirgreat-
ness.Becauseofthesepressures,the
averagehomerentalinNewYorkhas
risentomorethan$3,000amonth.That
meansanaverageAmericancontem-
platingamovetoNewYorkwould
havetospend84percentofhercurrent
paytoliveinanaverageNewYork
apartment.
AndsoNewYorkisbecomingamag-
netforsettlerslookingtoconsolidate
successratherthantofindit.Andthe
kindofsuccessthattakesafewpatient,
unglamorousgenerationsintheLower
EastSideandthegrittypartsofBrook-
lyntobreedaManhattanwunderkind
likeWoodyAllenmaybeakindthat
NewYorkcedestoeasierplaces.
Intime,thiswillchangethecity’s
character.Itsnewcomersandnewsuc-
cesseswillsurelyloveNewYorkasthe
oldonesdid.Buttheymayneverbe
abletoloveitinthewayofE.B.
White’ssettler,whoowestoithervery
start—herimprobableflowering.
Anand
Giridharadas
CURRENTS
NewYorkiscertainlyaspecialcity.
Butdoesitriskbecomingacityforthe
special?
Itishardtosqueezethejuiceofsub-
stancefromamayoralcampaignthat
hasbeen,toagreatextent,about
formerRepresentativeAnthonyD.
Weinertweetingpicturesofhisgroin.
Butanimportantthemeoftheraceis
thequestionofwhomNewYorkCity
willbefor.Willitremainanincubator
ofgreatness,orbecomeacatchment
basinforthealreadygreatandtheirre-
gressing-to-the-meandescendants?
Willitcontinuetobethecitytowhich
peoplethinktofleewhenthey’veboxed
uptheirthingsinKansasorChengdu,
tiredoftheirnarrowreality?Willitbea
placewherepeoplecanbendtheirfate?
Candidatesontheright,likeJoseph
J.Lhota,arguethatsuchmobilityis
threatenedbyteachersunions,exces-
sivetaxesandgnarledregulationsthat
complicatestartingabusiness.Candi-
datesontheleft,like
BilldeBlasio,con-
tendthatnewtaxes
andwideraccessto
educationareneces-
sarytorestore,in
Mr.deBlasio’s
words,‘‘thevery
foundationofwhat
NewYorkCityhas
alwaysbeenandcan
beonceagain:acityofopportunityfor
everyone.’’
Butunderpinningthesedifferentdi-
agnosesandprescriptionsisacommon
sensethatNewYork’sroleasacity—
andtheideaitembodies—ischanging.
Thatrole,andthatidea,hadsome-
thingtodowiththewordsinscribedon
aplaqueatthefootoftheStatueof
Liberty:‘‘Givemeyourtired,your
poor/Yourhuddledmassesyearning
tobreathefree,/Thewretchedrefuse
ofyourteemingshore.’’Thelineswere
aboutforeignimmigration,butthey
spokeequallytomigrantsfromother
Americanplaces,whoarrivedsimply
withthelongingtobecomesomeunex-
pressedincarnationofthemselves.
AsE.B.Whitememorablywrote,
‘‘Commutersgivethecityitstidalrest-
lessness,nativesgiveitsolidityand
continuity,butthesettlersgiveitpas-
sion.’’Thatsettlermightbe‘‘afarmer
arrivingfromasmalltowninMissis-
sippitoescapetheindignityofbeing
observedbyherneighbors,oraboyar-
rivingfromtheCornBeltwitha
manuscriptinhissuitcaseandapainin
hisheart.’’
ButisNewYorkstillagoodplacefor
thesettlerwhoseachievementsremain
aheadofher?
Afewyearsago,PattiSmith,themu-
sicianandauthor,whocametoNew
Yorkin1967withsomeofthefervor
LALODEALMEIDAFORTHENEWYORKTIMES
Antiquarius’spriceshavelongshockedmanyinRio,buttherestaurantisnowgainingnotorietyfortheexpiredfoodthatinspectorsfoundinthekitchenduringasafetycheck.
AmicroscopeonRio’s kitchens
Anentirecity
isbecoming
assafe,and
accessible,as
onlyportions
ofManhattan
oncewere.
neverbeinspected,justbecausethey
aresochicandexpensive,’’saidCidinha
Campos,thedirectorofRio’sconsumer
protectionagency,singlingoutanitem
onAntiquarius’smenu,grilledslipper
lobsterinbeurred’escargots,which
costsabout$78.Thesnailbutterusedin
therecipewasalsofoundtohaveex-
pired,shesaid.‘‘Well,’’Ms.Campos
said,‘‘evenAntiquariusisnotabovethe
law.’’
Sheaddedthattherestaurant,which
servesdisheslargelyinspiredbythe
cuisineofPortugal,Brazil’sformercolo-
nialruler,couldfaceafinefromabout
$200allthewayupto$3million,de-
pendingonitsexplanationofitskitchen
practicesandthesizeofitsrevenues.
ManyhavewelcomedtheraidsonAn-
tiquariusandonotherrestaurantsin
Rio,acitywherevisitorsareoftencap-
tivatedbythenaturalbeautyofbeaches
andforestedpeaksandentrancedby
thecity’sculturalofferings,likemusic
anddance.Butlamentsarecommon
aboutsoaringrestaurantpricesandser-
vicethatissomewherebetweenlacka-
daisicalanddismissive.
Inanotherraidthisyear,inspectors
foundrottingfishandexpiredbeefin
thekitchenoftheCopacabanaPalace,
theArtDecogemonCopacabanaBeach
thatisoneofRio’stophotels.Ms.Cam-
pos,theconsumerprotectionofficial,
saidthehotelhadpaidafineofthe
equivalentofmorethan$100,000and
hadquicklyenactednewfoodsafety
measures.
Anarrayofotherhigh-endspotsin
Riohavealsorecentlybeenfoundto
haveexpiredfoodintheirkitchens,in-
cludingQuadrifoglio,anItalianrestau-
rantintheJardimBotânicodistrict
whereinspectorsfoundexpiredtoma-
toes,pastaandicecream.AtBrigite’s,a
bistroinLeblon,theossobucowas
deemed‘‘unfitforconsumption.’’
Thefoodinspectorshavealsofocused
oncheaperrestaurants,supermarkets
andthekitchensfoundinRio’sloveho-
tels, itsfamedshort-stayestablish-
ments.Severalofthehotels—including
Gallant,Panda,BambinaandMagnus
—hadexpiredfood,accordingtothe
consumerprotectionagency.
(Inanexceptiontothetrend,afew
high-endrestaurantsraidedbyinspec-
torswerefoundtohavenoexpiredfood
atall,includingGero,partoftheItalian
Fasanochain,andZuka,whichserves
disheslikenamoradofishinafoiegras
broth.)
PedroMello,aspokesmanforAnti-
quarius,whichwasfoundedin1977and
isownedbythePortugueserestaurateur
CarlosPerico,saidinaninterviewthat
theexpiredfoodfoundbyinspectorswas
‘‘unjustifiable,’’andthatsnails(though
notsnailbutter,which,itsnamenotwith-
standing,doesnotneedtoincludesnails
atall,butinvolvesbutter,parsley,garlic
andshallots)hadbeenremovedfrom
themenuwellbeforetheraid.
‘‘ThePericofamilyitselfeatslunch
anddinneratAntiquarius,soyoucan
imagineoursenseofsurprise,’’Mr.
Mellosaid,addingthatthepersonnelre-
sponsiblefortheexpiredfoodwerefac-
ingdisciplinaryaction.
TheraidisjustoneproblemforAnti-
quarius,whichisonthesameblockin
LeblonwhereSérgioCabral,Rio’sun-
populargovernor,lives.
Mr.Cabralhasbeenbesiegedsince
Junebyprotestersfumingaboutpolice
brutalityandabusesofpowerbytheau-
thorities,includingthegovernor’sex-
tensiveuseofafleetofhelicopterstoes-
cape Rio’s trafficjams. Some
demonstratorsremaincampednotfar
fromhisdoorstepandtheentranceto
Antiquarius,causingtherestaurant’s
customertraffictofallsteeplyatseveral
pointsinrecentweeks,saidMr.Mello,
therestaurant’sspokesman.
OneRiosocialite,NarcisaTam-
borindeguy,wentsofarastotellasocial
columnistthatAntiquariuswasbeing
‘‘rippedoff’’becauseofitslocationon
thegovernor’sstreet.‘‘Cabralshouldre-
fundtherestaurantbecauseit’sempty
sincetheprotests,’’saidMs.Tam-
borindeguy,whorecentlystarredina
realityTVshowcalled‘‘RichWomen.’’
Asfortheprotesters,theyalsoex-
pressedindignationaboutMr.Cabral,
whoisgrapplingwithpollsinwhichhalf
ofthosesurveyedsayheisdoingabad
job,buttheystoppedfarshortoffretting
aboutAntiquarius’sfortunes.
‘‘Thecityisfullofthesecontrasts,
theseparadoxicalthings,’’saidErnesto
Brito,36,anecologistcampedamongthe
protesters,someofwhomwerebathing
lessregularlythantheirnewneighbors
inLeblon.‘‘Wemightbedirtyinour
skin,buttheyaredirtyintheirmodel,’’
hesaid,gesturingatAntiquarius.
RIO DE JANEIRO
Hygieneinspectorsfind
troubleatsomeofcity’s
moststylish restaurants
BYSIMONROMERO
TuckedonaleafystreetinLeblon,the
seasidebastionofthiscity’selite,Anti-
quariusranksamongBrazil’smostex-
clusiverestaurants.Well-heeledregu-
larsfrequentAntiquarius,whichis
decoratedinfaux-farmhousestylewith
landscapepaintingsandporcelain
vases,andcharges$68forastewofcod-
fishincoconut-tomatosauce.
ButwhileAntiquarius’spriceshave
longshockedmanypeople,therestau-
rantisnowgainingnotorietyforanoth-
erreason.Inspectorsraideditthispast
week,findingmorethan23kilograms,
orabout50pounds,ofexpiredfoodlike
ham,endiveandbeeftripeinitskitchen,
includingabout5kilogramsofsnails
withanexpirationdateofJuly2012.
TheinspectionofAntiquarius,carried
outTuesdayinanoperationcode-named
Ratatouille—afterboththeProvençal
stewedvegetabledishandthe2007an-
imatedfilmaboutakitchenratwith
dreamsofbecomingachef—wasoneof
severalraidsthisyearbyofficialsseek-
ingtoimprovethecity’srestaurantstan-
dardsasmorevisitorsflocktoRioahead
ofthe2014WorldCupand2016Olympics,
bothofwhichwillbeheldinthecity.
‘‘Somerestaurantsthinktheywill
Joinanonlineconversationat
http://anand.lyandfollowon
Twitter.com/anandwrites
TaylorBarnescontributedreporting.
IN OUR PAGES
✴
100,75,50YEARSAGO
ElisabethMaxwell,92,widowturnedHolocaustexpert
1913MedicalDelegatesReceived
LONDON
signsoftonsilitis.‘‘Shefeelshurtand
babblesexcitedlyagainstbeingalone,’’
oneofthenursessaid.Thequintuplets’
businessmanager(theyhaveearnedto
dateabout$450,000)saidthegirls’ton-
silshavebeenbotheringthemforayear.
‘‘Butthedoctorsdonotwanttooperate
yet,particularlybecausethelastfew
weekstheyhaveshownimprovement,’’
hesaid.Hedeniedthechildrenwouldbe
withdrawnfrompublicviewinadver-
tisementsandmoviesnextyear.
money.Andshefocusedherenergyon
anenterpriseshehadbegunwithher
husband:helpingtorememberand
honorhismanyfamilymemberskilled
bytheNazis.(HewasJewish;shewas
Protestant.)Hermissionexpandedto
includetheentireHolocaust,onwhich
shebecameanexpert,lecturingaround
theworld.
In1987,shestartedthejournalHolo-
caustandGenocideStudies.Thefirst
publisherwasPergamonPress,oneof
Mr.Maxwell’scompanies.Itisnowpub-
lishedbyOxfordUniversityPresson
behalfoftheU.S.HolocaustMemorial
Museum.
In1988,sheorganizedaconference
calledRememberingfortheFuture.It
wasthefirstofthreesuchconferences,
whichdrewscholarsfromaroundthe
world.Eachyieldedseveralbooksofes-
says.TheBritishmagazineNewStates-
mancalledthethreevolumesfromthe
meetingin2000‘‘franklyawesome.’’
‘‘Thefactis,shegaveherheartand
soultothatproject,’’ElieWiesel,theau-
thorandHolocaustsurvivor,saidinan
interview.
Dr.Maxwell’spassionforHolocaust
remembrance and understanding
emergedaftersheearnedherdoctorate
in1981.Sheenteredtheuniversityin
1970tocompletetheundergraduate
studiessheabandonedduringWorld
WarII,andworkedonthePh.Doverthe
nextdecade.Herthesis,‘‘TheArtof
LetterWriting,1789-1830,’’usedherar-
istocraticFrenchfamilyassourcemate-
rial.
Thatinspiredhertoprepareherfam-
ily’sgenealogyforherchildren.Shede-
cidedtodothesameforherhusband’s.
BYDOUGLASMARTIN
ElisabethMaxwellhelpedherhusband
runamultibillion-dollarbusinessanda
53-roommanor.Eachyearshemadea
largescrapbookofpressclippingsabout
him.
Butwhenherhusband,RobertMax-
Papersanddiscussionsoccu-
piedthedelegatestotheInternational
CongressofMedicineforonlypartof
yesterday[Aug.9].Theafternoon,
whichwasagloriousoneoutofdoors,
waspassedbymostinexcursionsand
socialdiversions.Themostimportantof
thelatterwasthegardenpartyto2,000
atWindsorCastle.TheKingandQueen
wereawayatCowes,buteverything
possiblewasdonetomakethevisitof
theirguestsenjoyable.Asmallparty
visitedLansdowneHouseattheinvita-
tionofLordLansdowne,whileothers
sawtheTennantcollectionofpicturesat
LordGlenconner’shouse.Therewillbe
specialservicesfordelegatesthismorn-
ingatWestminsterAbbey,Westminster
CathedralandSt.Paul’s.Intheafter-
noon,Mr.WaldorfAstorgivesagarden
partyatHamptonCourtPalace,particu-
larlyforAmericans.
OBITUARY
well,theBritishmediatycoonwhose
holdingsincludedTheDailyMirrorand
bookpublishers,fellorjumpedfromhis
yachtofftheCanaryIslandsin1991,her
lifewasturnedupside-down.
Shediscoveredthatshewassuddenly
sopoorthatshehadtoliveinabor-
rowedapartment.Andshefoundalar-
gerpurposeinlife,bringingnewatten-
tiontotheHolocaust,whichcosther
husbandsomanyrelatives.
Dr.Maxwell—asshewasknown
afterearningaPh.D.fromOxfordat60
—diedWednesdayintheDordognein
France,at92.Herdeathwasconfirmed
byherdaughter,GhislaineMaxwell.
Afterherhusband’sdeath,Dr.Max-
welllearnedthathehaddivertedmore
than$1billionfrompensionfundsforhis
morethan400corporateentities.Insur-
ancecompaniesrefusedtopayherbe-
causetheybelievedhehadcommitted
suicide.Her$485,000pensionwasgone,
alongwiththatofthousandsofemploy-
eesinMr.Maxwell’spublishingempire,
whichincludedTheNewYorkDaily
NewsandtheMacmillanpublishing
business.
Dr.Maxwellgotbywithhelpfrom
friends,andthreeyearslaterwrotea
tell-allautobiography,expresslytoearn
1963Bandits’LootIsPast$7Million
LONDON
Theloottotalofyesterday’s
greatmailtrainrobberysoaredpastthe
£2.5million($7million)marktoday
[Aug.9]andrewardsaddingupto
£260,000($728,000)werepostedforthe
arrestofthebanditswhostagedit.The
maskedandcoveralledbanditswho
robbedthetrain—itisestimatedthere
wereeightto30ofthem—werestillat
large.ScotlandYardDetectiveSuperin-
tendentGeraldMcArthur,directingthe
searchforthegang,saidtodaythat
‘‘therearenodevelopmentsatthemo-
ment’’inthemanhunt.‘‘Ihavenofacts
atthemoment’’tohelptrackthem
down,hesaid.Aspoliceflungadragnet
acrossallBritainandcalledonInterpol
(theinternationalpoliceorganization)
tohelptrytofindthebandits,nineBrit-
ishandScottishbanksreportedthey
lostalittleover£2.5millioninyester-
day’s15-minute,commando-style,am-
bushraidontheGlasgow-Londonmail
train.
LIBRADOROMERO/THENEWYORKTIMES
Dr.Maxwellwasleftpennilessonthedeathofherhusband,butfoundnewpurposein
Holocaustresearch.In1987,shestartedthejournalHolocaustandGenocideStudies.
‘‘IputalittleStarofDavidinfrontofall
thepeoplewhohadbeenmurderedin
thecamps,’’shesaidinaninterview
withTheGuardianin2000.‘‘AndwhenI
unfoldedit,itwaslikeashowerofyel-
lowstars.’’
‘‘Icouldn’tbelievethatsomany
peopleinonefamilycouldhavebeen
murdered,’’ shecontinued. ‘‘I just
wantedtoknowwhy.’’
Mr.Maxwell,whohadbeensodis-
traughtbythelossofsomanyrelatives
thatheavoidedthinkingabouthisJew-
ishroots,wasprofoundlygladtorecon-
nect.Hecalledhiswife‘‘thekeeperof
myJewishsoul.’’HehelpedSovietJews
emigratetoIsraelandsupportedother
Jewishcauses.HebecameoneofIsra-
el’sbiggestforeigninvestors.Israel
gavehimastatefuneralthatwasat-
tendedbythepoliticalelite,andhewas
buriedontheMountofOlivesinJerusa-
lem.
Dr.Maxwell’s1994autobiography,‘‘A
MindofMyOwn:MyLifeWithRobert
Maxwell,’’describedherhusbandas
bullying,unfaithfulandfrequentlyab-
sentasheamassedhisempire,which
evaporatedinbankruptcyafterhis
death.Thebooknonethelessinsisted
thathewas‘‘notthedegeneratemon-
ster’’manysaidhewas.
1938DionneQuinsHaveTonsilitis
CALLANDAR, ONT.
Exactlyoneyear
aftertheywereputtobedsufferingfrom
acoldtheDionnequintuplets,fouryears
oldlastMay27,todayweredownwith
tonsilitisandinthecareoffivenurses
whoareworkingtwoatatimeon
twelve-hourshiftsunderthedirectionof
Dr.DanielDafoetobringthemoutofit.
AswasthecaselastyearEmilieDionne
hasbeenisolatedfromhersisters.Last
Augusthercolddevelopedintoaslight
caseofbronchitis.Emiliewasthefirst
quinborn;shewasthefirsttoshow
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3
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
Wor
ldNews
EUROPE AMERICAS
BRIEFLY
Americas
Britishjudge
deniesbail
tosuspected
Mafiaboss
NEWYORK
Judgegives30-yearterm
inFederalReservebombplot
AfederaljudgesentencedaBanglade-
shimanto30yearsinprisononFriday
forattemptingtouseaweaponofmass
destructioninwhattheauthorities
calledaplottoblowuptheNewYork
FederalReserveBank.
Theman,QuaziMohammad
RezwanulAhsanNafis,22,whohad
pleadedguilty,toldthejudgethathe
nowrejectedradicalIslamandapolo-
gizedtothepeopleofNewYorkandthe
UnitedStates.
‘‘I’mashamed,I’mlost,Itriedtodoa
terriblething,’’saidMr.Nafis,whowas
arrestedinOctoberwhilecarryingin-
ertmaterialsthathebelievedtobea
bombbutthatwereplantedbyanun-
dercoverF.B.I.agentaspartofasting
operation.
(REUTERS)
LONDON
Italianpolicewantman
wholivedinsuburb
ofLondonfor20years
BYALANCOWELL
TotheItalianpolice,hewasDomenico
Rancadore,or‘‘theprofessor,’’aMafia
bossonthelamasadangerousfugitive
foralmosttwodecades,aonetimeen-
forcerfortheSicilianCosaNostra.To
thosewholivednearhimonaleafy
streetinablandWestLondonsuburb,
hewasMarcSkinner,afatheroftwo,a
formerteacherandagoodneighbor
whospentcontentedhoursbuffingthe
paintjobsonhisfancycars.
ButonFriday,hisdoublelifebegan
unraveling.ABritishjudgedeniedhim
bailtwodaysafterhisarrestonaninter-
nationalwarrantseekinghisextradi-
tiontoItalytoserveaseven-yearsen-
tenceforextortionandothercrimes.
Rightuntilthebriefcourthearingon
Friday,therehadbeenspeculationthat
hewouldbefreedbecauseoftechnical
flawsinthewarrant.Atahearingtheday
before,JudgeQuentinPurdyofWest-
minsterMagistrates’Courtsaid,‘‘There
areconcernsaboutthevalidityofthe
warrantthathascomebeforethecourt.’’
ButonFriday,whileMr.Rancadore,
64,wasstillinapoliceholdingcell,a
newwarrantwasissued.Atthecourt
hearinglater,JudgePurdydeniedhis
bailrequest,meaningthatMr.Ran-
cadorewillremainincustodywhilehe
awaitsextraditionproceedings. ‘‘It
seemstobeveryclearontheinforma-
tionbeforemethatyouhaveactively
evadedapprehensionforasignificant
periodoftime,’’JudgePurdytoldhim.
Adaughter,Daniela,blewhimakiss
ashewasledbacktohiscell,according
toreporterswhowereinthecourtroom.
CourtfilingsinLondonsaythatMr.
Rancadorewassentencedin1999tosev-
enyearsinprisonafterbeingtriedinab-
sentiaandconvictedofextortion,mem-
bershipintheMafiaandothercrimes.
TheItalianauthoritiesplacedhimona
listof‘‘dangerousfugitives,’’theItalian
InteriorMinistrysaid,becausehehad
beena‘‘manofhonor’’inCosaNostra.
AsatopMafiamember,theItalianau-
thoritiessaid,Mr.Rancadorewentby
thesobriquetUProfissuri,theprofes-
sor,fromaMafiaclaninTrabianear
Palermo,theSiciliancapital.
Inthe1990s,Mr.Rancadorewasoneof
theleadingMafiarepresentatives,saida
high-rankingItalianpoliceofficialwho
spokeontheconditionofanonymitybe-
MIAMI
Admittedkillertiedtoposting
photoofdeadwifesurrenders
AMiamimanwhoapparentlyposteda
photoofhiswife’sbodyonFacebook
afterkillingherturnedhimselfinand
confessedtotheslaying,thepolice
said.
Theman,DerekMedina,31,saidhe
hadfatallyshothiswife,Jennifer
Alonso,theMiami-Dadepolicesaidina
statement.Officersdiscoveredthebody
whentheywenttotheirhomeThurs-
day.A10-year-oldgirlontheproperty
wasfoundunharmed,thepolicesaid.
AFacebookpage,whichwaslater
takendown,showedapictureofawom-
anidentifiedasMs.Alonsowithher
armandfacecoveredinbloodandlying
onthefloor.AmessageunderMr.Med-
ina’snameread:‘‘Mywifewaspunch-
ingmeandI’mnotgoingtostandany-
morewiththeabusesoIdidwhatIdid.
Hopeyouunderstandme.’’
(REUTERS)
STEPHANEREMAELFORTHENEWYORKTIMES
JusticeMinisterChristianeTaubiraofFrancehaspositionedherselfasavoiceforthemarginalized,nowbackinganoverhaulthatwouldexpandeffortstorehabilitateyoungoffenders.
France’sadvocateoftheexcluded
‘‘Ihavealwaysmademychoices,’’
shesaid,andacceptedtheir‘‘price.’’
Ms.Taubirahaspositionedherselfas
anadvocateforthemarginalizedorex-
cluded,mostrecentlyturningheratten-
tiontoareformthatwouldexpandef-
fortstorehabilitateyoungoffenders,for
instance.
Sheappliedherselfintenselytothe
same-sexmarriagebill,which,thougha
campaignpromiseofPresidentFran-
çoisHollande,receivedonlytepidsup-
portfrommanyFrenchofficials,Mr.
Hollandeincluded.Criticsontheright
accusedherofintransigence.
Eloquentanderudite,sheembodies
muchoftheFrenchpoliticalideal;she
citespoetryfrommemory.Butherpre-
ferredauthorsarethosewhowroteof
theirothernessinFrance,thestates-
men-poetsoftheanti-colonialmove-
mentknownasNégritude,includingLé-
on-GontranDamasofFrenchGuiana;
Guiana,whichhadchangeditsstatus
fromcolonytooverseasterritoryof
FranceafterWorldWarII.Aproud
senseofobligationdrewherbackto
FrenchGuiana,shesays,wheresheheld
variouspostsinthelocaladministration.
Intheearly1990s,herpoliticshaving
grownmoremoderate,shewonseatsin
theFrenchandEuropeanparliaments.
In2002sheranfortheFrenchpresi-
dency,oneofseveralcandidatesinadi-
videdleft.Shewonjust2.3percentofthe
votesbutsiphonedenoughfromthe
mainleftistcandidatetokeephimoutof
thefinalrunoff;tothehorrorofmany
French,acandidateofthexenophobic
farrightmadeittothesecondround,
andthoughhedidnotwinthepresiden-
cy,Ms.Taubirawasviewedbymanyas
aninsolentspoiler.
Partypoliticshavenevermuch
agreedwithher,shesays,andsheis
knownwithinthepoliticalestablish-
mentashavingstreaksofauthoritari-
anismandpridefulness.
‘‘Ican’tstandhavingaboss,’’Ms.
Taubiraacknowledged.(Sheservesas
ministerofjustice,itbearsnoting,atthe
pleasureofMr.Hollande.)‘‘Mycon-
scienceismyboss,andmyconscience
dictatesrulesthatareextremely,I’dsay,
grand—they’reroughbutbeautiful.’’
Hertautupperliplikelycontributesto
whathasbeencalledanairofdisdain,
butwhenshelaughsitrisesupoverher
teethandhereyescrinklewithawarmth
thatmayormaynotbegenuinebutisun-
questionablyrareamongFrenchpoliti-
cians.Adivorcedmotheroffour,sheof-
tenridesayellowbicycletoandfromthe
JusticeMinistry,onthePlaceVendôme.
Withnobackgroundinlaw,sheisan
anomalyamongrecentjusticeministers
buthasimpressedlawyerswithher‘‘el-
egance’’and‘‘tenacity,’’saidChristiane
Féral-Schuhl,whoheadstheParisbar
association.Shehasan‘‘easeabouther
thatisquitecharming’’andhasbeen
unabashedinseekingcounselontechni-
calmatters,Ms.Féral-Schuhlsaid.
Shehasnowturnedherfocustothe
prisons,promotingapoliticallytreach-
erousoverhaulthatwouldinstitutepro-
bationinplaceofjailtimeforsomemis-
demeanors,partofanefforttoreduce
recidivismratesandrelievesomeofthe
strainonFrance’sovercrowdedpenit-
entiaries.Opponentsaccuseherofnaiv-
eté.Shespeaksofaneedtoeducatethe
populace.
‘‘We’regoingtoseekout,inthedepths
ofpeople,theircapacityto,firstly,rejecta
wholeseriesofplatitudes,ofstereotypes,
ofclichés,’’Ms.Taubirasaid,andto‘‘un-
derstandthatjusticeisnotvengeance.’’
Inwhatseemsabreakfromthestan-
dardphilosophyofFrance’swelfare
state,herinterestisnotsomuchinpro-
tectingthevulnerable,shesaid,asitis
inempoweringthem.Thesloganofher
presidentialcampaign,‘‘TheRepublic
thatrespectsyou,’’reflectedherdeep
attachmenttoanalmostlibertarianno-
tionof‘‘freedomoveryourself,’’anun-
commonethicinanationofoftenrigid
socialandpoliticalhierarchies.
Ithasattimesprovencomplextorec-
oncileherpersonalambitionswitha
senseofprideanddutytowardher
roots,too.‘‘IknowthatIwouldgainby
playingtheBlackWoman,’’shewrotein
hermemoirs,publishedlastyear,but
thatwouldmeana‘‘stuntedidentity.’’
Sheasked:‘‘Howtoembracewhatone
iswithoutallowingone’sidentitytobe
assigned?’’
OnarecentvisittoaschoolinLyon,
Ms.Taubiraseemedtoofferapartialan-
swer.AskedbyoneboyaboutMr.Cé-
saire,thepoetandpolitician,shebegan
abriefrecitation.
‘‘Hesays,‘Mynégritudeisnotaca-
thedral,’’’Ms.Taubirasaid.‘‘Négritude
isnotjustprideinbeingblack,it’sthe
rejectionofdominationandoppression
intheworld.’’
Later,onthestepsabovetheconcrete
schoolyard,avisitorspokewithSteve
Degbevi,theblack15-year-oldwhohad
askedaboutMr.Césaire.
Toseeawomanofcolorinaposition
ofpower,Mr.Degbevisaid,is‘‘asource
ofpride.’’Ms.Taubira’sresponsetohis
inquiryaboutthepoetwasnotaltogeth-
ersatisfying,though,hesaid,laughing
inanadolescent’shightenor.
‘‘SheusedwordsIdidn’tunder-
stand,’’hesaid.
PARIS
BYSCOTTSAYARE
ChristianeTaubirawastakenaback,
shesays,thoughnotaltogethersur-
prised,atthe‘‘brutality’’oftheopposi-
tiontothesame-sexmarriagebillshe
shepherdedintoFrenchlawthisyear.
‘‘Societieshavetheirresistances,’’
saidMs.Taubira,61,whocomesfrom
theformercolonyofFrenchGuianaand
servesasFrance’sministerofjustice.
‘‘Therearethosewho,fortheirown
senseofsecurity,butalsobychoice—
bydoctrinalchoice,thatistosayby
theirchoiceofmodel—choosetohold
ontooldimages.’’
Shehasbeentheobjectofsimilarre-
sistanceherself,shesays.Sheonce
wrotethatshe‘‘becameblackinParis,’’
thoughnotbychoice,andshehasnot
beenallowedtoforgetherotherness.
Inprotestchantsthisyear,opponents
ofthemarriagebillinitiallyidentified
themselvesas‘‘families’’—‘‘Taubira,
youarebeat,familiesareinthestreet!’’
—butlateras‘‘theFrench,’’Ms.Taub-
irarecalled,asiftocastherasaforeign-
er;thereweremoreovertracistslurs,
aswell,shesaid.
‘‘Idon’tbelievetherehavebeenother
protests,orthatitwouldbeconceivable
thataprotestaddressanotherminister
withtheslogan,‘Youarebeat,theFrench
areinthestreet,’’’saidMs.Taubira,who
hasaslightvocalliltandwearsherhair
intightcornrows.‘‘So,Ihearit!That’s
all.Iwanttobelucid.Iknowwhat’sgoing
on,Iknowwhatawordmeans,whatan
attitudesignifies,butitisoutoftheques-
tionthatawordoranattitudedetermine
mylifeormybehavior.’’
Sheremainssensitivetoherdiffer-
ence,though,anoutspokenwomanof
colorinapositionofconsiderablevisib-
ilityandinfluence;fewhavecomebe-
foreherinFrance.
Hersuccesseshavenotcomewithout
cost,though,andherambitionhasalien-
atedsome.‘‘Idon’tlikemediocrepeople
—I’mnotmediocre,’’sheoncetoldre-
porters;somefamilymembersaresaid
toaddressheras‘‘MadameTaubira.’’
U.S.issuesalertoninfection
killingscoresof dolphins
Federalwildlifeofficialsraisedafor-
malalarmoverthedeathsofscoresof
bottlenosedolphinsinwatersoffthe
EastCoast,sayingthatafast-spread-
inginfectioncouldbeattackingdolphin
populationsfromNewYorktoVirginia.
Atleast124ofthemammalshave
washedontobeachessinceJuly,allof
themdeadordying,aspokeswoman
fortheNationalMarineFisheriesSer-
vicesaidinaconferencecallwithjour-
nalistsThursday.InJulyalone,89dol-
phinswerebeached,seventimesthe
usualnumber.
Testsononedolphincarcasshaveun-
coveredpossiblesignsofmorbillivirus,
aninfectionsimilartocaninedistemper
thatravagedEastCoastdolphinsdur-
inga10-monthspanin1987and1988.
Morethan700dolphinswerestranded
fromNewJerseytoFloridaduringthat
outbreak,oneoftheworstonrecord.
‘‘Myconscienceismyboss,
andmyconsciencedictates
rulesthatareextremely, I’d
say, grand.’’
HALIFAX,NOVA SCOTIA
Arrestsmadeinbullyingcase
of girlwhocommittedsuicide
Twomenhavebeenarrestedinthecy-
berbullyingcaseofagirlwhokilled
herselfafteraphotothatappearedto
showherbeingsexuallyassaulted
whenshewas15yearsoldcirculated
online.
Hermothersaidthataboytooka
photooftheassaultinNovember2011
andthatherdaughterwasbulliedfor
monthsafteritwentviral.Ayearlong
inquiryproducednoresults,butthepo-
licereopenedthecasewhennewinfor-
mationsurfacedafterthegirl,Rehtaeh
Parsons,diedinApril.
ChiefSuperintendentRolandWellsof
thepolicesaidthatoneman,18,had
beenchargedwithtwocountsofdis-
tributingchildpornographyandthe
secondman,also18,waschargedwith
makingchildpornographyanddistrib-
utingit.
(AP)
LéopoldSédarSenghorofSenegal;and
AiméCésaireofMartinique.
Herwillingnesstodiscussrace
franklyisadistinctionofsomenote,too,
inanationwheresuchmattersremain
sensitiveandoftenunspoken; the
Frenchstatedoesnotofficiallyrecog-
nizeskincolororethnicity.
Shewasbornthesixthofeightchil-
dreninCayenne,thecapitalofaracially
dividedFrenchGuiana;hermother,a
nursingassistant,raisedthefamily
aloneanddiedyoung.
Ms.Taubiracameofageinthe1960s,
idolizingfromafartheheroesandagit-
atorsoftheAmericancivilrightsmove-
ment,AngelaDavisandMalcolmXand
MuhammadAli,butalsoSimónBolívar,
CheGuevaraandotherrevolutionaries
ofhernativeSouthAmerica.
Shelefttostudyeconomicsandsoci-
ologyinParis,whereshetookupthe
causeof independenceforFrench
EPA
AnundatedhandoutfromtheItalianpo-
liceshowingDomenicoRancadore.
causehewasnotauthorizedtotalktothe
mediaatthisstageofthecase.‘‘Several
policeinformersdescribedhimaspartof
CosaNostra,witharoleofresponsibility
inCaccamo,’’atownabout40kilome-
ters,or25miles,southeastofPalermo.
ItalianinvestigatorsbelievethatMr.
RancadorefledItalyintheearly1990s
becauseofaninternalconflict,whenthe
‘‘bossofallbosses,’’SalvatoreRiina,
orderedthekillingoftwotopanti-Mafia
prosecutors,GiovanniFalconeandPaolo
Borsellino.TheItalianpoliceissuedan
internationalarrestwarrantin1998.
However,expertsdescribeMr.Ran-
cadoreasaminorcharacteramongthe
many‘‘Mafiagentlemen’’ofthetime.
‘‘TherealleaderwasGiuseppeRan-
cadore,Domenico’sfather,’’saidRaf-
faellaCalandra,areporterfortheItali-
annetworkRadio24.‘‘Thesonlived
muchinhisfather’sshadow;hisimpor-
tanceintheorganizationdependedon
hisfather’simportance.Magistratesde-
scribedhimastheeducatedsonofthe
boss,withrelativepowers.’’
AtthebailhearingonFriday,aprose-
cutor,BenjaminSeifert,saidMr.Ran-
cadorewasaheadofCosaNostra,
‘‘madeupofthousandsofmembers
spreadingterrorinSicily.’’
Foralmosttwodecades,though,he
livedinEnglandundertheassumed
nameofMarcSkinner,usingthemaiden
nameofhiswife,Anne,andleadingan
innocuouslifeinLondon’souterfringes.
Hisdefenselawyer,EuanMacmillan,
saidincourtonThursdaythathisclient
hadbeeninBritainsince1993.‘‘Hehas
ledablamelesslifeinthiscountryfor
thepast20years,’’Mr.Macmillansaid.
‘‘Hewasassurprisedasonewouldbe,
understandably,whenthepolicear-
rivedathisproperty.’’
SanFranciscocrashputsfocusonthedangersofairportfirefighting
portfirefightinglikethekindatLogan.
Althoughtherewillnotbeadefinitive
explanationofhowthepassengerdied
untilaninvestigationiscompletedby
theNationalTransportationSafety
Board,whichisreviewingonboard
videos,reportscirculatingamongfire-
fightersindicatethatatSanFrancisco,
onefiretruckpulledupneartheair-
plane’snoseandstartedsprayingfoam.
Asecondtruckarrivedlater,forwardof
therightwing,andranoverthegirl,
whowasverylikelycoveredinfoam.
‘‘They’rerespondingwithverylarge
truckscapableofdelivering3,000gal-
lonsofwaterwithfiresuppressantina
matterofafewseconds,’’saidGeorge
Doughty,aformerairportmanagerand
formerofficialattheFederalAviation
Administration.Apassengerflatonthe
pavementcouldquicklybeobscuredby
foam,hesaid,and‘‘theriskofhittinga
survivorisveryreal.’’Apassenger
couldevenbedrowned,hesaid.
OfficialsinSanFranciscohavenotsaid
whetherthegirlwasstillaliveatthetime
shewasstruck.Twootherpassengerson
thatAsianaflightwerealsokilled.
Presumingthattrucksreachaburn-
ingplanewithoutmishap,thereareoth-
ersnapjudgmentstobemade,firefight-
erssaid.Forexample,sometruckscarry
aboomwithatipresemblingagianthy-
podermicneedlethatcanpenetratethe
fuselageandsquirtthefire-suppressing
foam.Themostlikelyuseisonacargo
plane,buttheycouldbeusedonapas-
sengerplane,perhapsevenbeforefire-
fightersaresurethatallthepassengers
havegottenout.Firefightersaretrained
topunchaholenearthecrownofthefu-
selage,avoidingtheoverheadluggage
binsandenteringatanangletoreduce
thechanceofspearingapassenger.
Quickactionisessential,fireexperts
say,becausemodernplaneslikethe
Boeing787areincreasinglymadeofcar-
bonfiber,whichburnsfasterthanthe
traditionalaluminumandproduces
moretoxicsmoke.
Inbigcrashes,firefightershaveto
handlemultiplelevelsofchaos.‘‘There
isanactivefire,debrisontherunway
andpersonsevacuatingtheaircraft,’’
Amongthechallenges, firefighters
say,isdodgingdebristhatcouldpopa
tireandimmobilizethefiretruck.
Airportfirefightersaredrilledondif-
ferentmodelsofairplanesandsome-
timestraveltodistantairportstodoso.
ManufacturerslikeBoeingissuespecial
instructionsforeachmodelandgivethe
locationsofcriticalitemslikebatteries.
Theaviationadministrationrequires
fireequipmentappropriatetothetypes
ofplanesatanairport,butitdoesnot
specifystaffinglevels.In2009,aU.N.
aviationorganizationandtheNational
FireProtectionAssociationbegana
campaigntoimposesuchstandardsand
requirethatcrewsbeabletoreacha
crashsceneintwominutes.
ButaNationalAcademyofSciences
panelthatstudiedtheideasaidthatit
wouldcost$2.8billiontosetupand$1.3
billionayearthereafter.Reviewinggov-
ernmentreportsofaccidentsfrom
January1997toDecember2007,the
studyfoundthatthetougherstandards
‘‘mayhavemadeadifferenceintheout-
comeforatmostoneindividual.’’
BOSTON
BYMATTHEWL.WALD
ThefirehouseneartheendofLoganAir-
port’sRunway14ishometothepride
andjoyoftheairport’srescueandfire-
fightingteam:Engine3,a1,000-
horsepower, four-wheel-drive be-
hemothwiththermalimaginganda
radarscreen,itsbodypaintedaspecial
color,BostonLimeGreen.
Acquiredin2010for$1.3million,En-
gine3willsoonbejoinedbytwomore
high-techtrucksasLoganplayscatch-
upwiththechallengesoffightingfires
ontoday’sbiggerandmoresophisticat-
edplanes.‘‘Whenthebellrings,you’ve
gottobeready,’’saidEdwardC.Freni,
Logan’sdirectorofaviation.
Butfiretruckscanpresenttheirown
dangers,fireexpertssay.Thecrashofa
Boeing777atSanFranciscoInternation-
alonJuly6,andthefactthatoneofthe
threepassengerswhodied—a16-year-
oldChinesegirl—wasrunoverbyafire
truck,hasdrawnnewattentiontoair-
EVANMCGLINNFORNYT
Firefightersperformingatraining
exerciseatLoganAirportinBoston.
saidDuaneKann,thefirechiefatthe
Orlando,Florida,airport.Thedriver
mightbealone,andthetruckshaveex-
traequipment, includingaForward-
LookingInfra-Redcamera,knownas
Flir,forfindingfiresinpoorvisibility.
‘‘There’stheFlir, lookingforhot
spots,andhe’slisteningtotheradio,’’
ChiefKannsaid.‘‘There’salotofthings
happeninginthecabofthatvehicle.’’
GaiaPianigianicontributedreporting.
....
4
|
SATURDAY-SUNDAY,AUGUST10-11,2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
WORLDNEWS
AMERICAS MIDDLEEAST
Syriarisksbeingextremisthavenasfightersflowin
Syria, reflectinghowfavorablythe
Qaedaleadershipviewsthelong-term
potentialforSyriaasahaven.JuanZar-
ate,aformerseniorcounterterrorismof-
ficialintheGeorgeW.Bushadministra-
tion,saidthatSyrialayinthecenterof
anarcofinstability,stretchingfromIran
throughNorthAfrica,and‘‘inthatzone,
youmayhavetheregenerationandre-
surrectionofanewbrandofAlQaeda.’’
InSyria, thebattle lineshave
hardenedinrecentmonths.TheSyrian
government, backedbyIranand
Hezbollah,hasseizednewmomentum
andretakenterritoryinthesouthand
eastfromtherebels.Atthesametime,
powerwithinthebadlyfracturedoppo-
sition,numberingabout1,200groups,
hassteadilyslippedintothehandsof
thejihadistsbasedinthenortheast,
wherethispastweektheyseizedastra-
tegicairportinthearea.Theyalsohold
swayintheprovincialcapitalofRaqqa.
TheideathatSyriacouldsupplantPa-
kistanastheprimaryhavenforAlQaeda
someday,shouldthegovernmentfall,is
aheavyblowtotheWestern-backedSyr-
ianoppositionanditsmilitaryarm,the
FreeSyrianArmy.Itplaysdirectlyinto
thehandsofSyria’spresident,Basharal-
Assad,whosegovernmenthassoughtto
portrayitselfastheonlyalternativeto
Islamicextremismandchaos,andithas
madetheprospectoffullU.S.support
evenmoreremotethanitalreadywas.
Mr.Assad’sargument‘‘beganasa
fictionduringtheperiodofpeaceful,un-
armedprotestsbutisnowareality’’be-
causeofMr.Assad’sowneffortstodi-
videthecountryaswellasthesuccess
oftheextremists,HusseinIbish,ase-
niorfellowattheAmericanTaskForce
onPalestine,wroteinarecentessay
thatappearedinTheNational.
InRaqqarecently,acommanderofthe
IslamicStateinIraqandSyriasipped
coffeeafterbreakingtheRamadanfast,
wearingaPakistani-styleoutfit.The
commander,AbuOmar,isSyrian,a
memberofatribeinthearea,buthede-
scribedhismovement’sgoalsasreach-
ingfarbeyondthecountry’sborders.
Hedidnotspeakofattackingthe
UnitedStates.ButhethreatenedRus-
sia,andhespokeofabroad-basedbattle
againstShiite-ledIrananditsquestto
dominatetheregion,andsaidSunnis
fromacrosstheworldwerejustifiedin
flockingtoSyriatofightbecauseofthe
government’srelianceonShiitefighters
fromLebanonandIraq.
Herejectedcallsfromsomeinthe
Syrianoppositiontokeepthefightingfo-
BEIRUT
BYANNEBARNARD
ANDERICSCHMITT
AsforeignfighterspourintoSyriaatan
increasingclip,extremistgroupsare
carvingoutpocketsofterritorythatare
becominghavensforIslamistmilitants,
posingwhatU.S.andotherWesternin-
telligenceofficialssaymaybedevelop-
ingintooneofthebiggestterrorist
threatsintheworldtoday.
Knownasfiercefighterswillingto
employsuicidecarbombs,thejihadist
groupsnowincludemorethan6,000for-
eigners,counterterrorismofficialssay,
addingthatsuchfightersarestreaming
intoSyriaingreaternumbersthanwent
intoIraqattheheightoftheinsurgency
thereagainsttheU.S.occupation.
Manyofthemilitantsarepartofthe
NusraFront,anextremistgroupwhose
fightershavegainedareputationover
thepastseveralmonthsassomeofthe
mosteffectiveintheopposition.
Butothersareassemblingundera
new,evenmoreextremeumbrellagroup,
theIslamicStateinIraqandSyria,thatis
‘‘We haveoneenemy,’’ Iran,
‘‘andweshouldfightthis
enemyasonefrontand
ondifferentfronts.’’
mergingsomeSyrianswithfightersfrom
aroundtheworld—Chechnya,Pakistan,
EgyptandtheWest,aswellasAlQaeda
inMesopotamia,theSunni insurgent
groupthatrosetoprominenceinthe
fightagainsttheU.S.occupationinthe
yearsafterthe2003invasion.Thecon-
cernisthatanewaffiliateofAlQaeda
couldbeemergingfromthosegroups.
Itwasthefearofmilitantscomingto
dominatetheoppositionthatcausedthe
UnitedStatesanditsWesternalliesto
holdoffprovidinglethalaidtotheSyrian
opposition,atleastuntilnow.Butasare-
sult,counterterrorismanalystssay,they
lostachancetoinfluencethebattlein
Syria.Evencongressionalsupportersof
theC.I.A.’scovertprogramtoarmmod-
erateelementsoftheSyrianopposition
fearthedeliveryofweapons,settobegin
thismonth,willbetoolittle,toolate.
Thestakesarehigh.U.S.intelligence
officialssaidthispastweekthatAyman
al-Zawahri, theoverall leaderofAl
QaedainPakistan,hashadregularcom-
municationswiththeNusraFrontin
ZREUTERS
FightersoftheFreeSyrianArmy, themilitaryarmoftheWestern-backedSyrianopposition,nearAleppo.Thefightershaveclashedwithjihadistgroups,yetthedividinglinesarefluid.
cusedinsideSyriaandaimedattoppling
Mr.Assad.‘‘Wehaveoneenemy,’’Iran,
hesaid,‘‘andweshouldfightthisenemy
asonefrontandondifferentfronts.’’
TheleaderoftheFreeSyrianArmy,
Gen.SalimIdris,recentlyaccusedtheji-
hadistsofworkingfororreceivingaid
fromtheAssadgovernment,notacom-
pletelyfar-fetchedproposition,given
thatWesternofficialswidelybelievethe
Assadgovernmentplayedamajorrole
infunnelingSyriansandotherforeign-
ersintoIraqduringtheinsurgency
there.Somerank-and-filerebelssay
thatgovernmentartilleryandwar-
planesattackthemfiercelywhilelarge-
lyleavingjihadistpositionsalone.
FreeSyrianArmyfightershave
clashedwithjihadistgroupsinrecent
weeksoverweaponsandsupplies,and
civiliananti-Assadactivists have
struggledwiththemovertheireffortsto
imposereligiousrulesonsociety.The
groupshavekidnappedandimprisoned
dozensofactivists.
YetthelinesdividingtheFreeSyrian
Armyfromjihadistgroupsarefluid,and
theconflictshavenotstoppedF.S.A.
leadersfromworkingwiththeirfight-
ers,whosefiercenessonthebattlefield
isundisputed.Thathashelpedcreatea
divergencebetweenstatementsbyex-
ileoppositionleadersrejectingextrem-
istsandtheirideologyandactionsby
groundcommanderseagerforhelp.
‘‘Wearegettingbigaccusationsthat
weareimplementingforeignagendasto
dividetheSyrianrebelgroupsorweare
agentsfortheAssadregime,’’AbuOmar
said.‘‘Butwearetheoneswhomadethe
bigmilitaryoperationsagainsttheAs-
sadregime.Whenwefightanymilitary
positionwegetitordieforGod’ssake.’’
Thisweek,thejihadistgroupJaishal-
MuhajireenwalAnsar,ortheArmyof
EmigrantsandSupporters, ledbya
fighterfromtheCaucasusknownas
AbuOmaral-Shesheni—theChechen
—workedwithFreeSyrianArmybat-
talionstotaketheMenaghairbasein
AleppoProvinceafter10monthsoftry-
ing.Whatappearedtoturnthebattle
around,saidCharlesLister,ananalyst
withIHSJane’sTerrorismandInsur-
gencyCenter,weretherelentlesssui-
cidevehiclebombingsonthewallsof
thebase—fiveorsixtimesinthepast
twoweeks,hesaid.
Afterthebattle,Col.AbdulJabbaral-
Okaidi,theheadoftheU.S.-backedop-
position’sAleppomilitarycouncil,ap-
pearedinavideoalongsideAbuJandal,
aleaderoftheIslamicStateinIraqand
Syria.
EricSchmittreportedfromWashington.
AnemployeeofTheNewYorkTimes
contributedreportingfromRaqqa.
Israelidrone
makesrare
strikeinside
Egypt;5die
TopU.S.universityplans
abigleapinonlinestudy
teachesanyfreshmanmathexceptby
self-pacedonlinecourses,andtheircosts
arelowerandtheiroutcomesarebetter.
We’regoingtoseemoreonlinelearning,
butnotonesingleabsolutemodel.’’
ThethreeleadingMOOCproviders—
Udacity,CourseraandedX—have
grownataremarkablerate,addinghun-
dredsofcourseswithdozensofpart-
ners.Butthepathaheadislessclear,
andallthreearenowworkingwithuni-
versitiestogaincreditfortheirstu-
dents.Somestateuniversities,leeryof
cedingcontroltooutsiders,leantoward
developingtheirownonlineprograms
andplatforms.Andwhileafewuniversi-
tiesdooffercreditforafewMOOCs,and
afewmorewilldosothisautumn,their
offershavehadnotakers.
Inrecentyears,manypublicuniversi-
tieshavebegunonlinedegreeprograms,
costingatleastasmuchastheircampus
programs.ButiftheGeorgiaTechpro-
gramattractsthousandsofstudents,
thatpricingmodelmaybevulnerable.
‘‘Onlineisascalegame,sotheGeorgia
Techthingisinteresting,’’saidPhilRegi-
er,executiveviceprovostofArizona
StateUniversityOnline,whichtakesin
$90millionayear.‘‘Whatwe’reseeingis
differentpricepointsfordifferentlevels
offacultyinvolvement.Ifyouwantno
touch,orverylittletouch,they’lldeliver
thatfor$6,000.Ifyouwantahigher-
touchprogram,taughtandgradedby
EDUCATION,FROMPAGE1
‘‘Ifitreallyworks,’’hesaid,‘‘itcould
begintheprocessofloweringthecostof
education,andloweringbarriersfor
millionsofAmericans.’’
TheplanisforGeorgiaTechtoprovide
thecontentandprofessorsandtoget60
percentoftherevenue,andforUdacityto
offerthecomputerplatformandcourse
assistantsfortheother40percent.The
projectedbudgetforthetestrunis$3.1
million—including$2millionfromAT&T
—yielding$240,000inprofit.Bythethird
year,theprojectionisfor$14.3millionin
costsand$4.7millioninprofit.
‘‘Thisisallunchartedterritory,sono
onereallyknowsifitwillgotoscale.’’Dr.
Galilsaid.‘‘Wejustwanttoprovethatit
canbedone,tomakeahigh-qualityde-
greeprogramavailableforalowcost.’’
Noteveryonebelievessuchadegree
programwillbesustainable—oreven
thatitwouldbeastepforward.
‘‘ThewholeMOOCmaniahasgot
everyonebuzzinginacademia,butscal-
ingisagreatchallenge,’’saidBruce
Chaloux,executivedirectoroftheSloan
Consortium,aprivategroupconcerned
withonlinelearning.‘‘Ihavetobelieve
thatatsomepoint,whentheunderwrit-
ingends,tokeephighquality,Georgia
Techwouldhavetofloattomoretradi-
tionaltuitionrates.’’
Somefacultymembersworrythat,de-
spiteDr.Galil’spledgethattheprogram
willmatchthequalityandstandardsof
theon-campusmaster’sprogram, it
coulddilutethevalueofaGeorgiaTech
degree.AndasinCalifornia,whereUda-
cityisinapartnershipwithSanJose
StateUniversity—nowsuspendedbe-
causeofunderwhelmingpreliminaryre-
sults—someobjecttothewholeideaof
outsourcingpartoftheirwork.
‘‘Ifyouspendalotofmoney,youcan
makeonlinegreat,andthiswillprob-
ablybeashowcaseprogram,’’saidChris
Newfield,aprofessorattheUniversity
ofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whois
studyingonlineeducation.‘‘Butwein
universitiescoulddothatourselvesifwe
hadthatmoney,andthewholehistoryof
privateinvolvementinpubliceducation
hasbeenoneofextractingresources.
Howeverwell-intentioned,wedon’t
needaTrojanhorseproductthatwill
takemoneyoutofthesystem.’’
Thereisnoquestion,educatorssay,
thatonlinelearningwillcontinueto
spread.ButwhetherMOOCsaretheap-
proachthatwillwinoutisnotclear.
‘‘Averylargenumberofpublicuniver-
sitiesareexperimentingwithhowonline
deliverycanincreasequalityandcon-
taincosts,’’saidM.PeterMcPherson,
presidentoftheAssociationofPublic
andLandGrantUniversities.‘‘Using
MOOCsforalow-costgraduatedegree
certainlycrossesathreshold,butsodoes
thefactthatVirginiaTechnolonger
EL-ARISH, EGYPT
THEASSOCIATEDPRESS
InarareIsraelioperationcarriedouton
Egyptianterritory,adronestrikekilled
fivepeopleanddestroyedarocket
launcherFriday,twoseniorEgyptian
securityofficialssaid.
Thestrike,comingafterawarning
fromEgyptcausedIsraeltocloseEilat
AirportontheRedSeabrieflyonThurs-
day,appearedtosignalsignificantnew
cooperationbetweenthetwocountries
oversecuritymattersintheSinaiPenin-
sulasincethemilitaryoustedPresident
MohamedMorsiofEgyptlastmonth.
TheofficialssaidtheIsraeliattackwas
carriedoutincooperationwiththeEgyp-
tianauthorities.TheIsraelimilitarysaid
onlythatitwaslookingintothereport.
WhileEgyptsignedapeacetreaty
withIsraelin1979,ithaslongremained
suspiciousofIsrael’sintentionswhilean-
nuallycelebratingitsownmilitaryex-
ploitsagainstIsraelintheSinai.Allowing
anIsraelidronestrikeinsideitsterritory
wouldbeanimportantdeparturefor
Egypt.Undertermsofthetreaty,Egypt
maydeploymilitaryforcesintheSinai
onlyincooperationwithIsrael,andthe
peninsulahasbecomelargelylawless.
Astatementpostedontheofficial
FacebookpageofCol.AhmedMohamed
Ali,anEgyptianmilitaryspokesman,
saidthereweretwoexplosionsinEl-
Agra,southofRafah,Egypt,whichison
theborderwiththeGazaStrip,andthat
securityforceswere investigating.
Egypt’sofficialnewsagency,MENA,
saidanexplosionhaddestroyedarock-
etlauncherdeployedneartheborderto
launchattacksonIsrael.
TheEgyptianofficialssaidthedrone
hadbeenflyingoverthesiteoftheat-
tacksinceearlyintheday.
Islamicmilitantshavebeenstepping
upattacksagainstSinaisecurityforces,
raisingfearsthattheycouldexploitan-
gerovertheousterofPresidentMorsi
onJuly3tospreadtheirinsurgency.
ThedronestrikecameafterIsrael
suspendedlandingsatEilatAirporton
Thursday.WhileIsraeliofficialswould
onlysaytheclosurewasorderedbe-
causeofunspecifiedsecurityconcerns,
anEgyptiansecurityofficialsaidEgypt
hadwarnedIsraelaboutthepossibility
ofrocketstrikes.Theofficialsaidthe
Egyptianauthoritieshadreceivedintel-
ligencesuggestingterroristgroups
plannedtofiremissilesFridayatIsrael
andatlocationsinnorthernSinaiandon
theSuezCanal.
MADRID,November4,2013
Wherenext
forEurope?
AsEuropewrestleswithastrugglingeconomy,
whatinvestmentsandpoliciesareneededto
rebuildcompetitiveness?
EuropeforTomorrowwillconveneapanelof
influentialgovernmentalandbusinessspeakersto
examinehowEurope’sbusinessescaninnovateto
competemoreefectivelyinglobalmarketsandbuild
apathtoamoreprosperousfuture.
‘‘Noonereallyknowsifitwill
gotoscale.’’
regularfaculty,withalotoffacultyinter-
action,it’sgoingtobemoreexpensive.‘’
TheFloridaLegislaturehasdirected
theUniversityofFloridatostartfullyon-
linebachelor’sdegreesandpricethemat
three-quartersofthecampustuitionfor
in-stateresidents,orabout$4,700.But
BernieMachen,presidentoftheuniver-
sity,saidhehadnotyetdecidedwhether
tochargeout-ofstateonlinestudentsthe
full$28,000tuitiontheywouldpayon
campus—inpartbecausehewonders
aboutpossiblefalloutfromGeorgiaTech.
Mr.Machen,likesomeothers,saidhe
waspuzzledbytheoptimisticGeorgia
Techfinancialestimatesandnotsure
theywouldworkout.
Highereducationofficialssaythey
willbewatchingclosely.
‘‘GeorgiaTechisexceptionallyimpor-
tantbecauseit’saprestigiousinstitution
offeringanimportantdegreeatverylow
costwithadirectconnectiontoaFor-
tune100corporationthatwilluseittofill
theirpipeline,’’saidTerryHartle,senior
vicepresidentoftheAmericanCouncil
onEducation.‘‘Itaddressesalotofthe
issuesaboutuniversitiesthatthepublic
caresabout.Buthowgoodandhow
transferableitisremaintobeseen.’’
Beapartofthedebate.Findoutmoreat
IHTeuropetomorrow.com
orcallAmberSmarton
+44(0)2070613524
oremail
asmart@iht.com
TosponsorcontactBrendaHagertyat
bhagerty@iht.com
orcall
+44(0)2070613513
HeadlinePartner
....
SATURDAY-SUNDAY,AUGUST10-11,2013
|
5
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
MIDDLEEAST AFRICA
WORLDNEWS
BRIEFLY
MiddleEast
Asave-the-worldfieldtriptoAfrica
amovement.’’
Ms.MoorenotedMr.Harrison’suse
ofthetwobankaccountsbutquestioned
whethercharity:waterhadreally
providedcleanwatertothemorethan3
millionpeoplethattheorganization
claims.Oneestimatesuggeststhat30
percentofallwaterprojects,industry-
wide,breakdownaheadofschedule.
Andcharity:watercurrentlyhaslim-
itedabilitytomonitoritsownwells.
LastDecember,theorganizationwas
awardeda$5milliongrantbyGoogle’s
philanthropicarmtodevelopsensorsto
monitorwaterflowremotelyinreal
timeandtopaylocalcharitiestohire
maintenancecrews.
Mr.Harrisonseesgivingasagrowth
industry,andhisbusinessplancallsfor
charity:watertoraise$100millionin
2015.He’salreadythinkingaboutex-
pandingtootherareasofcharitablegiv-
ing—perhapscharity:educationor
charity:shelter.‘‘Thepeopleworking
herehavesignedupforthemoonshot,’’
hesays.‘‘We’renotheretogrow10per-
centayear.’’
IaskhimiftripsliketheoneIwenton
donot,insomesense,undercutthat
goal.Wouldn’titbebettertospendthe
group’smoneyonwaterprojectsrather
thanonluxuriouscampingtrips?‘‘It’s
aboutbuildingalong-termrelationship
with40people,’’hesays.‘‘Thecostof
thefoodoracharterplanepalesincom-
parison.’’
Ourlaststopbeforeboardingthe
privateplanebacktoDubaiwas,inMr.
Harrison’swords, ‘‘Daniel’swell.’’It
wasamodesthandpumpinthevillageof
Giramagogothathadbeenpurchasedby
Mr.Ek,thechiefexecutiveofSpotify,for
$7,000.ThoughMr.Ekwasn’tthewealth-
iestguyonthetrip—Spotifyisstill
private,meaningmuchofMr.Ek’snet
worthislockedupinprivateshares—he
wasinmanywaysthemostinfluential.
Themusic-streamingcompanyhasare-
ported$3billionvaluationandislikelyto
gopublic.Mr.Ekwasquietformostof
thetrip,butheseemedtolosetrackof
himselfinthemoment,clappingwildly.
‘‘I’mveryhappytohaveplayedasmall
partingettingyoucleanwater,’’hesaid,
addressingthevillage.‘‘Sothankyou.’’
Mr.Ekmadehisfirstdonationto
charity:water—$5,000—in2009,
shortlyafterSpotifyraised$50million
fromventurecapitalists.Hewas26and
hadalreadysoldanothercompanyfor
$1million.
‘‘Youknow,thisInternethascreated
somuchwealthinsuchashortamount
oftime,’’hesaidaswewaitedforourre-
turnflighttoDubai.‘‘Wemademoney
whenwewereincrediblyyoung,andin
thebeginningwedidn’thandlethat
well.’’
Hehadtroubleconnectingwithchar-
ities.Hewantedonethatwoulduse
technologytoshowhimwherehis
moneywasbeingspent.‘‘Iwantedtobe
abletogotoaprojectifIfeltlikeit,and
justseewheremymoneywent,’’he
said.‘‘Ifeellikewithtoday’scharities,
youjustgive,andyougetnothingback.
Youdon’tseeanything.AndIthink
that’swhatcharity:waterhasdoneso
brilliantly.’’
Thiswas,ononehand,abitmuch.Mr.
Ekisworthhundredsofmillionsofdol-
larsonpaper,andhedoesn’tneedany-
thingback.Thereasonsheofferedfor
supportingcharity:waterwereself-
centeredandsuperficial.Ontheother
hand,herewasamere30-year-old,his
starstillrising,talkingaboutgivingit
awayevenbeforehereallyhasit.Itwas
presumptuous—butalsoinspiring.
Mr.Ektoldmethathewouldliketo
donate1percentoftheequityinSpotify
tocharity:water,worthperhaps$30
millionnow,butcan’tbecauseSpotifyis
private.Soheplansinsteadtofinda
waytodonate‘‘ameaningfulportion’’
ofhiswealthtocharity,includingchar-
ity:water,andheisencouraginghis
peerstodothesame.
Bythetimethetripwasover,two
membersofthegrouphadcommittedto
giveMr.Harrisonandhisbrand1per-
centoftheircompanies.‘‘Ithinkthat’s
awesome,’’Mr.Eksaid.‘‘Therearealot
ofcompaniesthataregoingtobecre-
atedinthenextfiveyears.Ifcharity:
watercangetoneortwoofthosebillion-
dollarcompanies,wehavearealshot.’’
WATER,FROMPAGE1
AsIlookedaround,IsawDanielEk,
thefounderoftheonlinemusic-stream-
ingserviceSpotify,andMattMullen-
wegofWordPress.com,abloggingplat-
formwhoseparent company is
reportedlyworth$1billion.Therewere
Facebookmillionaires, celebrityin-
vestorsandinvestor-celebrities.
BEIRUT
2Turkishpilotsenroute
tohoteltakenat gunpoint
Armedassailantsinterceptedabus
carryingpersonnelfromTurkishAir-
linesfromtheairporttoahotelin
BeirutearlyFridayandkidnappeda
captainandaco-pilot,theLebanese
mediareported.Theattackcouldsig-
nalafurtherspreadintoLebanonof
thecivilwarinneighboringSyria.
Nogroupimmediatelytookresponsi-
bilityfortheabduction,andtherewas
noimmediatewordwhetheraransom
hadbeendemanded.AnalystsinBeirut
noted,however,thatTurkeywasaclose
allyofanti-governmentSunniMuslim
insurgentsinSyriawhohavebeen
holdingseveralLebaneseShiiteshos-
tage.Itwasnotimmediatelyclear
whetherthekidnappingwaspartofan
efforttosecurethereleaseoftheLeba-
nesehostages.
Theattackersweretravelingintwo
vehicleswhentheyforcedthebusto
haltonabridgeonitswayfromRafik
HaririInternationalAirport.Thekid-
nappersjumpedontothebusand
orderedthetwopilotstoaccompany
themwhileleavingtherestoftheTurk-
ishcrewonthebus.
‘‘DISRUPTINGPHILANTHROPY’’
WhenMr.Harrisonfoundedcharity:
waterinNewYorkCityin2006,heini-
tiallyintendedtocounterthecynicismof
hisclubbuddies.‘‘Iwantedtocreatea
modelthatwouldputalltheexcuses
aside,’’Mr.Harrisonsays—acharity,in
otherwords,forpeoplewhodidn’ttrust
charities.Topre-emptobjectionstohigh
overheadandwaste,Mr.Harrisonsetup
twobankaccounts:one,raisedchiefly
fromahandfulofwealthyindividuals,to
payforadministrationandfundraising;
andtheothertofinancethediggingof
wellsandotherwater-relatedprojectsin
thedevelopingworld.Todaytheorgani-
zation’s‘‘100%Model’’allowsittoclaim
thateverydollardonatedtowaterisac-
tuallyusedthatway.(Someconsider
thismoreamatterofmarketingthan
anythingelse,butevenso,charity:wa-
terisarelativelyefficientorganization,
earninganearlyperfectratingfrom
CharityNavigator,asortofConsumer
Reportsforthenonprofitworld.)
Injustsevenyears,Mr.Harrison’sor-
ganizationclaims tohave raised
roughly$100million.Todayitisthe
largestnonprofitintheUnitedStatesfo-
cusedonwater.Theorganization
doesn’tdrillwellsorbuywaterfilters
butactsasafundraisingclearinghouse
forlocallybasedcharities,whichitsub-
contractstodotheactualwork.
Mr.Harrison’scommitmenttotrans-
parency,hiswillingnesstospeakthe
languageofSiliconValleyandespecially
hisorganization’simpressiverevenue
growthhavemadehimaherototechies
andtoagrowingclassoftech-savvyphi-
lanthropists.‘‘Scottisoneofahandfulof
socialentrepreneurswhoaredisrupting
philanthropy,’’saysLauraArrillaga-An-
dreessen,thefounderoftheStanford
CenteronPhilanthropyandCivilSoci-
ety(andthewifeofNetscape’sfounder,
MarcAndreessen).She’salsoanenthu-
siasticcharity:watersupporter.Theor-
ganization,shesays,‘‘ismakingphilan-
thropysexy.’’
WASHINGTON
Israeli-Palestiniantalks
settoresumeWednesday
IsraeliandPalestiniannegotiatorswill
resumepeacetalksinJerusaleminthe
comingweek,accordingtotheU.S.
StateDepartment.MartinS.Indyk,the
seniorU.S.envoytothenegotiations,
andhisdeputy,FrankLowenstein,will
traveltoIsraeltohelpthetalksmove
along.
AftermeetinginJerusalemonWed-
nesday,thenegotiatorswillholdanoth-
ersessioninJericho,ontheWestBank.
Nodatewasannouncedforthatmeet-
ing.Thegoalistoreachapeaceagree-
mentwithinninemonthsthatwould
leadtoanindependentPalestinian
state.Aspartoftheunderstandingthat
ledtotheresumptionofthetalks,Israel
planstorelease26Palestinianprison-
ersonTuesday.Atotalof104prisoners
whohaveserved20yearsormorefor
attacksonIsraelisaretobereleasedin
phases.
Inanefforttobuildpublicsupportfor
thepeacetalks,SecretaryofStateJohn
KerrymetThursdayattheWhite
Housewithrepresentativesfromlead-
ingAmericanJewishorganizationsbe-
foreholdingasimilarsessionforArab-
AmericanleadersonFriday.
PHOTOGRAPHSBYMATTMULLENWEG/WORDPRESS
Mr.HarrisonspeakinginEthiopia.HisorganizationhadearnedanearlyperfectratingfromCharityNavigator,awatchdoggroup.
DYNAMITINGTHEBEDROCK
OurswastheonlyplaneatAlulaAba
NegaAirportinMekele—asmallcity
about800kilometers,or500miles,north
oftheEthiopiancapital,AddisAbaba—
whenwelandedthefollowingafter-
noon.Wethenboardedaconvoyof
ToyotaLandCruisersandmadeour
wayintothemountains.
Mr.Harrisonorganizesdonortripsas
narratives,whichgenerallybeginwith
avisittoacommunitythatstillrelieson
questionableorextremelyremotewa-
tersources.Wedroveformorethan
fourhoursoverdirtroadstofindSelam,
hometo600peoplespreadoutacross
severalmilesofpasture.Isatinthepas-
sengerseatnexttoTeklewoiniAssefa,
theexecutivedirectoroftheReliefSoci-
etyofTigray,oneofcharity:water’s13
partners.Mr.Assefa—asturdilybuilt
manof58—servedintheTigray
People’sLiberationFront,theguerrilla
armythathelpedtoppleEthiopia’s
Marxistdictatorshipin1991.
AsMr.Assefanavigatedtherough
road,IchattedwithShakilKhan,a
gregariousmanwho,at39,wasoneof
themoreseniormembersofthegroup
onthetrip.Mr.Khanrosetopromi-
nenceinSiliconValleythankstoan
earlyinvestmentinSpotify.SiliconVal-
leyinvestorstendtomeasuretheirsuc-
cessesbyhowearlytheyspotprom-
isingcompaniesandtrends,andso
whenIaskedMr.Khanabouthisin-
volvementwithMr.Harrison,hewas
quicktotakecreditforanearlypick.
‘‘Thisisn’tmeanttobearrogantinany
way,’’Mr.Khansaid,‘‘buttherearealot
oftechpeoplewhoIintroducedtochar-
ity:water.’’
Charity:wateroffers twobasic
‘‘products,’’inMr.Harrison’sphrasing.
Thefirstwaytogiveisthroughmychar-
ity:water,asortofsocialnetworkthat
allowsyoutosetupaWebpagetoen-
courageyourTwitterandFacebook
friendstodonateinhonorofaneventor
cause.Mr.Khanstartedhisfirstcam-
paignin2010andraised$206,000in10
CORRECTIONS
•
AnarticleonFridayaboutTheNew
YorkTimes’sdeclarationthatitwasnot
forsaleerroneouslyattributedadistinc-
tiontoTheTimes.Severalnewspapers
servingmajorU.S.citiesarestillfamily-
run,includingTheSeattleTimes,which
isownedandoperatedbytheBlethen
family.TheNewYorkTimesisnot‘‘the
nation’slastmajornewspaperrunbya
family.’’
•
Becauseofaneditingerror,anarticle
onWednesdayaboutAlekseiA.Navalny,
theRussianlawyerturnedbloggerwho
isrunningaquixoticcampaignformay-
orofMoscowbychallengingthepolitical
systembuiltbythecountry’spresident,
VladimirV.Putin,misidentifiedtheoffi-
cialwhoappointedMoscow’sincumbent
mayor,SergeiS.Sobyanin.DmitriA.
Medvedev,Mr.Putin’spredecessor—
notMr.Putin—appointedMr.Sobyanin.
Thearticlealsoomittedtworeporting
credits.AndrewRothandNoahSneider
contributedfromMoscow.
•
AnarticleonWednesdayaboutefforts
bytheTransportationSecurityAdmin-
istrationtovastlyexpanditsreachto
sportingevents,musicfestivals,rodeos,
highwayweighstationsandtrainter-
minalsbysendingoutspecialsecurity
squadsquotedincorrectlyfromcom-
mentsbyJohnSiqveland,aspokesman
forMetroTransit,whichoperatesbuses
andtrainsinMinneapolis-St.Paul.He
said,‘‘We’vefoundalotofvalueinhav-
ingthesehigh-visibilitysecurityde-
tails.’’Hedidnotsay‘‘high-value’’se-
curitydetails.
•
TheMediaEquationcolumnonTues-
day, aboutasatiricalconversation
aboutracebetweentheMSNBChost
ChrisHayesandtheGawkerwriter
CordJefferson,omittedsomephrasesin
aquotationbyMr.Jefferson.Hesaid:
‘‘Theseyoungpeoplearelearningthis
kindofbehaviorinlacrossecamps.
They’relearningthiskindofbehaviorat
collegespringbreak.’’Hedidnotsay:
‘‘Theyarelearningthiskindofbehavior
inlacrossecamps.Theyarelearning
thisduringspringbreak.’’
•
AnarticleinJune15-16editionsabout
theChantillyhippodromeinFrance
misstatedthenumberofemployees
workingunderthehippodrome’sdirec-
tor.Itis75,notnearly2,000.
•
AnarticleonMay28aboutthecable
channelAlJazeeraAmericamisidenti-
fiedthebuildinginNewYorkinwhichthe
channel’sstudiosarelocated.Theyarein
theManhattanCenter,notintheadjacent
NewYorkerHotel.Theerrorwasonlyre-
centlypointedoutbyareader.
•
AnarticleonWednesdaymisidenti-
fiedtheAxelSpringerpublicationsthat
made¤514millioninprofitin2012and
accountedforabout15percentoftotal
sales.Thosefiguresreferredtothepub-
licationsthecompanyissellingto
FunkeMedienGruppe,nottoBildand
DieWelt,whichSpringerisnotselling.
DanielEk,founderofSpotify,pumpingatawellinEthiopiathatbearshisname.‘‘That’sbranding.Notamovement,’’onecriticsaid.
days,leadingtoaconglomerateof22
wellsinandaroundSeglamen,Ethiopia.
Mr.Khanfollowedthateffortbybuying
aWellmembership,Mr.Harrison’soth-
ermajorproduct.
Wellmembers—thereare100of
themtoday,13ofwhomwereonthistrip
—promisetodonateatleast$24,000a
yearforthreeyearstocharity:water’s
operationalbankaccount,whichpays
‘‘OK,guys,’’Mr.Harrisonsaid,hold-
ingupalargeplasticgascan.‘‘Iwant
everyonetotrythisforasecond.’’A
groupofvillagersstartedfillingtheves-
selswithwater,thenhandedthemoutto
us.Westruggledtocarrythemoutof
thecanyon,simulatingthejourneythat
8-and9-year-oldgirlsmadeeveryday.
Mostpeoplegaveupafterafewsteps.
Thewaterproblemthusestablished,
weweredriventoourcampsite.Mr.
Harrisonhadtoldusthatcamping
wouldcomeasashockafterDubai’s
luxury.Iguessthatmighthavebeenthe
case,butitwasstillprettynice.Our
groupwasattendedbyastaffof27lo-
calsandservedamulticoursemealwith
afullbar.
Ourfirststopthefollowingdaywasa
worksite,whereweweregreetedby
hundredsofchildrenwho’dtakenthe
morningofffromschooltocelebrateour
arrival.Eventuallywehuddledaround
a40-foot-deepholewhileMr.Assefaex-
plainedhowawellwasdug.Workers
startedwithshovels,butoncetheyhit
bedrock,thewellshadtobedynamited
open.
‘‘Isitreadytoblow?’’Mr.Harrison
calledout,andthensentNathanHub-
bard,thechiefexecutiveofTicketmas-
ter,todothehonors.Hubbardpushed
thebutton,thegroundthumpedand
rocksanddustsputteredoutofthehole.
Itwas,self-consciously,ashow.
Iwenttotwovillagesthenextdayand
twomorethefollowingday.Thevisits
wereallremarkablysimilar:thesame
speeches, thesamesigns, thekids
singing:‘‘Welcome.Welcome.Toour
home.Toourhome.’’Therewasalways
achancetophotographabeautifulsmil-
ingchilddrinkingfromapristinewell,
alwaysachancetohaveyourselfphoto-
grapheddoingthesame.
‘‘Ithinkpeopleinthetechcommunity
areattractedtofastidiouslydesigned
andmaintainedbrands,’’TomConrad,
theexecutivevicepresidentofPandora,
saidasourLandCruiserdrovebetween
villages.‘‘Perhapsthat’ssuperficial,’’
heconceded,‘‘butgooddesigncorrel-
ateswiththoughtfulnessthroughout
theendeavor.’’
Bytheendofthetrip,two
participantshadcommitted
togiveMr.Harrisonandhis
brand1percentoftheirfirms.
thesalariesofMr.Harrisonandhis62
employees,keepstheserversrunning
andcoverstravelexpensesforthestaff.
BythetimewereachedSelam,Mr.
Assefa’semployeeshadorganizeda
welcomingpartyofseveralhundred
residents.ChildrencarriedEnglish-lan-
guagesigns(‘‘ThankYou,Scott,’’‘‘Wa-
terIsLife’’).Asduskfell,Mr.Harrison
ledthegrouponawalkintoagully,
wherewefoundthreepoolsofbrown
waterandasmallergreetingparty.
This,weweretoldbyanelderlyman
whospokethroughaninterpreter,was
whereSelam’swatercamefrom.
SIGNINGUPFORTHEMOONSHOT
Mr.Harrison’scriticsdon’tdisputehis
marketingprowessbutsaythat’sbe-
side thepoint. Charity:water’s
‘‘biggestprovableimpactmaybethatit
putsthenamesofmillennialsonnew,
butperhapsnotalwaysfunctional,wells
inpoverty-riddencountries,’’Anne
ElizabethMoorewroteinanessaypub-
lishedonTruthout,aliberalWebsite,
earlierthisyear.‘‘That’sbranding.Not
MaxChafkinisacontributingwriterat
FastCompany.Thisarticleisadapted
fromonethatoriginallyappearedin
TheNewYorkTimesMagazine.
Camelslinkedtodeadlyrespiratoryvirus
ReligiousServices
Association
ofInt'lChurches
Parisand
Suburbs
thatcouldthentransmitthevirustohu-
mans.Butwhichanimals?Researchers
havebeenscramblingtofindout.
Now,ascientificteamfromadozen
universitiesisreportingthatdromedary
camelsfromOmanandtheCanaryIs-
landsshowsignsofpastinfectionwith
theMERSvirusoroneverymuchlikeit.
Researcherstestedbloodsamplesfrom
50femaleretiredracingcamelsin
Oman,and105usedinthetouristindus-
tryintheCanaryIslands.Theblood
testsdidnotfindthevirusitself,butdid
findantibodiestoit—highlyspecific
proteinsthattheimmunesystemmakes
tofightoffaninfection—inallthe
camelsfromOman,and14percentofthe
onesfromtheCanaryIslands.Otheran-
imalswerealsotested—sheep,goats,
camels,llamasandalpacas—butnone
hadMERSantibodies.
WritinginTheLancetInfectiousDis-
eases,theresearcherssaytheirfindings
needtobeverifiedbyotherstudies,but
meanwhile, detailedcasehistories
shouldbetakenofpeoplewhohavehad
MERStofindoutwhethertheyhadbeen
exposedtocamelsortheirmilkormeat.
Someresearcherspraisedthestudy.
Dr.W.IanLipkin,avirusexpertat
ColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkwho
hasbeenstudyingMERS,said,‘‘Ithink
it’scompellingevidencethatdromedar-
iesareinfectedwithMERSorarelated
coronavirus.’’Thestudydoesnotprove
thattheanimalshaveinfectedhumans,
headded,buthesaiditwasplausiblebe-
causepeopleintheMiddleEasthave
contactwithcamelsasracingandwork
animals,petsandsourcesoffood.
WilliamKaresh,aveterinarianand
executivevicepresidentofEcoHealth
Alliance,agroupalsostudyingMERS,
saidthatfindingthevirusitselfinanan-
imalwouldbestrongerandmorecon-
vincingevidence.
Scientistsfindevidence
thatanimalsmaybe
carriersofMideastillness
Toplace
anad
Zurich
SAINTJOSEPH'S
Englishspeaking
CatholicChurchMon-Fri.Masses
8:30amSat.11am&6:30pm
(Vigil),SundayMasses10,12and
6:30pm,50aveHoche,Paris8th.
Tel 0142272856
MetroCharlesdeGaulle-Etoile.
www.stjoeparis.org
ENGLISHSPEAKING
Catholic
MissionZurichMinervastrasse69
(seewebsitefordirections)
Tel.0443820206
Website:www.englishmission.ch
Masstimes:
Saturday6pm(Crypt)
andSunday11.15am(Church)
BYDENISEGRADY
Camelsmaybeacarrierofthemysteri-
ousvirusthathasinfectedatleast94
peopleintheMiddleEastandkilledhalf
ofthem,scientistsarereporting.
Thevirus,firstdetectedlastyearin
SaudiArabia,causesMiddleEastrespi-
ratorysyndrome,orMERS,whichbe-
ginswithflulikesymptomsandcanpro-
gresstoseverepneumonia.Becausethe
virusbelongs toa familycalled
coronaviruses,oftenfoundinbats,re-
searcherssuspectthat itoriginally
camefrombats.Thebatsmightinfect
peoplethroughdroppingsorsaliva,but
theymightalsoinfectotheranimals
Synagogues
AMERICANCHURCHINPARIS
Worship9:00am&11:00am.
ContemporaryServiceat1:30pm
65quaid'Orsay.Paris7th,Bus63,
MetroAlma-MarceauorInvalides.
Tel0140620500.www.acparis.org
Paris&Suburbs
www.KehilatGesher.org
Franco-AnglophoneJewishCommunity
Paris17&St.Germain-en-Laye
HighHolidays:ParisXVI
Year-roundactivities.
TalmudTorah
Kindergartenthrough6thgrade
BarandBatMizvahpreparation
Bilingualclasses
ParisandSt.Germain-en-Laye
OPENHOUSESUNDAY,
SEPTEMBER2210H-16H
USA
Pleasecontact
VanessaBoyleon
+33141439206
oremail
vboyle@nytimesglobal.com
IfyouwouldlikeafreeBible
coursebymail,pleasecontact:
L'EGLISEdeCHRIST
POB513,Staunton,IN47881USA
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