Colour~Communication in Architectural Space.pdf

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Color – Communication in Architectural Space
Meerwein Rodeck Mahnke
Color –
Communication in
Architectural Space
Birkhäuser
Basel • Boston • Berlin
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We would like to thank création baumann, Kvadrat, DLW, and Ruckstuhl AG for providing material.
Particular thanks goes to Ruckstuhl AG for their support in printing the book.
Title of the original German language edition:
Mensch – Farbe – Raum.
Grundlagen der Farbgestaltung in Architektur, Innenarchitektur, Design und Planung
G. Meerwein and B. Rodeck comprehensively revised the text and list of illustrations.
F. H. Mahnke supervised the translation into English.
Tr a n slation: Laura Bruce with Matthew Gaskins and Paul Cohen
This book was also published in German:
Farbe – Kommunikation im Raum, ISBN 3-7643-7595-7.
Cover:
Nadine Rinderer, Basel. The cover design is based on a photograph of Panama Werbeagentur
in Stuttgart. Architecture: zipherspaceworks; Color Design: Stefan Gabel.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007922820
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed
bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material
is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data bases.
For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained.
First published in German in 1998
4th revised German edition, 1st English edition 2007
© 2007 Birkhäuser Verlag AG
Basel · Boston · Berlin
P. O. Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland.
Part of Springer Science+Business Media
Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF ∞
Printed in Germany
ISBN-10: 3-7643-7596-5
ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-7596-6
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
http://www.birkhauser.ch
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CONTENT
Introduction
9
6 Light and Color
39
The Technical Basis of Lighting –
Measurements and Units
1
Humans – The Focus of Design
10
40
Lamps and Their Properties
42
2
The Senses as Instruments of Communication
13
Aspects of Visual Ergonomics
44
Color Ergonomics/Visual Ergonomics
The Structure of the Eye
Eye Muscles
Glare and Brightness
Differences in Luminous Density and Surface Color
Biological Effect of Light
3
Color – An Environmental Element
16
Color – Communication in Architectural Space
17
4 Humans and Color
18
What is Color?
18
47
Seeing Color
18
Perception of Color
19
7 Material and Color
50
Experiencing Color
19
Spatial Color Experience Scheme
20
8 Architectural Aspects of Space
56
Biological Reactions to a Color Stimulus
The Collective Unconscious
Conscious Symbolism and Association
Cultural Influence and Mannerism
Tr ends, Fashion, Style
Personal Factors
Physiological and Neuropsychological Aspects
Aspects of Perception
56
Aspects of the Design Process
56
What Does it Mean to Design?
57
Properties of Elements
58
Relationships between Elements
61
Relationships between Elements and the Viewer
61
22
Understimulation – Overstimulation
Optical Patterns
Physiological Effects
Psychological Aspects
Synesthesia
Symbolism of Colors
9 Communication: People – Color – Space
63
Interdisciplinary Aspects
63
Human Needs Relevant to Design
65
Aspects of Color Perception in Architectural Space
68
28
10 The Practice of Color Design
70
Aspects of Interior Architectural Color Design
70
5
The Design Essentials of Color
32
Relationship of People to Color
Physiological Requirements
Psychological Requirements
Relationship of Color to Building and Spatial
Function
Relationship of Color to Space and Its Elements
Orientation
Environmentally Friendly and Safe Materials
and Colors
Aesthetic Quality
Space as a Stimulating Environment
Color Fundamentals
33
The Color Circle and the Color Order System
33
The Effect of Color Contrasts
36
Light-Dark Contrast
Chromatic-Achromatic Contrast
Chromatic Contrast
Complementary Contrast
Intensity Contrast
Quantity Contrast
Flicker Contrast
Cold-Warm Contrast
Physiological Contrast
76
Methodology
77
38
Semantic Differential
78
Simultaneous Contrast
Successive Contrast
6

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