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www.ferroxcube.com
Ferroxcube ferrites in renewable energies
FERROXCUBE FERRITES
Ferroxcube ferrites have
achieved great penetration in
renewable energies market
thanks to its leadership in materi-
als and shapes. The constant
adaptation to the latest technolo-
gies is one of our main assets.
Power generation from the
source to the mains, or power
conversion, implies the use of dif-
ferent types of ferrites, especially
in the case of solar inverters.
Besides, we are working to offer
outstanding solutions for the
forthcoming development and
expansion of renewable energy
sources such as solar and wind
power, as well as hybrid tech-
nologies.
This application note shows what
type of Ferroxcube materials and
shapes are suitable for each part
of the inverter, and some of their
features.
Australia
: Contact Ferroxcube Taiwan
Tel. +886 3 599 5886, Fax: +886 3 599 5882
Philippines:
Contact Ferroxcube Singapore
Tel: +65 6244 7815, Fax: +65 6449 0446
Austria:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
Poland
: Ferroxcube Polska, SKIERNIEWICE
Tel: +48 46 834 00 07, Fax: +48 46 834 00 35
Benelux:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
Portugal:
Contact Ferroxcube Hispano Ferritas S.A., SPAIN
Tel: +34 949 247 153, Fax: +34 949 247 146
IN RENEWABLE ENERGIES:
Bosnia:
Contact Ferroxcube Italy
Tel: +39 02 660454 69, Fax: +39 02 612917 39
Romania:
Contact Ferroxcube Poland
Tel: +48 46 834 00 07, Fax: +48 46 834 00 35
Brazil:
Richardson Electronics, Sao Paulo
Tel: +55 11 5186 9672, Fax: +55 11 5186 9678
Russia:
Contact Ferroxcube Poland
Tel: +48 46 834 00 07, Fax: +48 46 834 00 35
Canada east:
Contact Ferroxcube, USA
Tel: +1 (915) 599 2328, Fax: +1 (915) 599 2555
Serbia:
Contact Ferroxcube Italy
Tel: +39 02 660454 69, Fax: +39 02 612917 39
SOLAR INVERTERS
China:
Ferroxcube South of China
Tel: +86 769 87382420, Fax: +86 769 87339561
Ferroxcube Suzhou
Tel: +86 512 68095048, Fax: +86 512 68097128
Singapore:
Ferroxcube Singapore, SINGAPORE
Tel: +65 6244 7815, Fax: +65 6449 0446
Slovak Republic
: Contact Ferroxcube Poland
Tel: +48 46 834 00 07, Fax: +48 46 834 00 35
Diagram of a solar inverter involving ferrites
Colombia
: Richardson Electronics
Tel: +57 1 636 1028, Fax: +57 1 636 1005
Slovenia:
Contact Ferroxcube Italy
Tel: +39 02 660454 69, Fax: +39 02 612917 39
DC/AC
inverter
EMI
filter
Croatia:
Contact Ferroxcube Italy
Tel: +39 02 660454 69, Fax: +39 02 612917 39
PV
panel
DC/DC
boost
South-Africa:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
Mains
Czech Republic
: Contact Ferroxcube Poland
Tel: +48 46 834 00 07, Fax: +48 46 834 00 35
Spain:
Ferroxcube Hispano Ferritas, GUADALAJARA
Tel.: +34 (949) 247 153, Fax: + 34 (949) 247 146
Denmark:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
Sweden:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
Finland:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
Switzerland:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
Maximum power point tracker
France:
Ferroxcube France, SURESNES
Tel: + 33 (0) 1 46 14 87 91, Fax: + 33 (0) 1 46 14 87 92
Taiwan:
Ferroxcube Taiwan, HSINCHU
Tel: +886 3 599 5886, Fax: +886 3 599 5882
Germany:
Ferroxcube Germany, HAMBURG
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
Turkey:
Contact Ferroxcube Italy
Tel: +39 02 660454 69, Fax: +39 02 612917 39
Greece:
Contact Ferroxcube Italy
Tel: +39 02 660454 69, Fax: +39 02 612917 39
United Kingdom:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
Hungary
: Contact Ferroxcube Poland
Tel: +48 46 834 00 07, Fax: +48 46 834 00 35
FERROXCUBE shapes and materials used in solar inverters
United States:
Ferroxcube USA, EL PASO (TX)
Tel: +1 915 599 2328/2533, Fax: +1 915 599 2555
Indonesia:
Contact Ferroxcube Singapore
Tel: +65 6244 7815, Fax: +65 6449 0446
For all other countries apply to closest regional sales office:
Gapped
cores
Toroids
U cores
E cores
Distributed
gap
assemblies
Toroids
Ireland:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
HAMBURG, Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
e-mail: saleseurope@ferroxcube.com
3E5
3E25
Israel
: Arrow\Rapac Ltd., PETACH TIKVA
Tel: +972 3 9203480, Fax: +972 3 9203443
EL PASO (TX), USA
Tel: +1 915 599 2328/2533, Fax: +1 915 599 2555
e-mail: salesusa@ferroxcube.com
3E25
3E5
Italy:
Ferroxcube Italy, CINISELLO BALSAMO (MI)
Tel: +39 02 660454 69, Fax: +39 02 612917 39
3C92
Korea:
Contact Ferroxcube Taiwan
Tel: +886 3 599 5886, Fax: +886 3 599 5882
HSINCHU, Taiwan
Tel: +886 3 599 5886, Fax: +886 3 599 5882
e-mail: salesasia@ferroxcube.com
3E27
3E6
3C95
Malaysia:
Contact Ferroxcube Singapore
Tel: +65 6244 7815, Fax: +65 6449 0446
Ferroxcube International Holding B.V. 2010
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The
information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable
and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication the-
reof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights.
3B7
3E10
Mexico (excl. Baja):
R.V. Componentes, Guadalajara, MX.
Tel: +52 (33) 3165-5570 Fax: +52 (33) 3165-4663
3P1
3E10
3E12
Montenegro:
Contact Ferroxcube Italy
Tel: +39 02 660454 69, Fax: +39 02 612917 39
Visit our web-site for the latest information on new products, application info
as well as updated phone- and fax numbers
Internet:
www.ferroxcube.com
New Zealand:
Contact Ferroxcube Taiwan
Tel: +886 3 599 5886, Fax: +886 3 599 5882
3E12
4A11
Printed in Spain 9930 030 00011
Date of Release: March 2010
Norway:
Contact Ferroxcube Germany
Tel: +49 40 52728 302, Fax: +49 40 52728 308
C
URRENT
SENSOR
COMMON
MODE CHOKE
Applications
REACTOR
Common mode
chokes
Energy
storage
inductors
Material characteristics for reactors
Materials
Shapes
35
[Z]
(W)
325
30
In order to optimize the energy, two
types of materials are suggested:
Ferrites: large cross section with gap,
preferably distributed along the mag-
netic path length; in this way the Hsat
is increased. 3C92 is optimal. 3C95,
3C97 are also possible.
High saturation materials: new 3P1
material, with very high Bsat and Hsat.
Optimal shape must be chosen to
optimize:
Ease of winding
Core manufacturability
Cooling
Performance
25
3C92:
The perfect combination of high saturation and low losses
20
The inverter requires protection against EMI
noise coming from the long lines connecting the
generators. At the same time it has to comply
with EMC regulations, delivering a clean noise
free power signal, and removing the switching
harmonics.
The core shape used for this function is a big high
permeability toroid. It requires high permeability
because the harmonics are low frequency, in the
range of 10 kHz to several hundreds. The size is
big so as to allow winding with thick wire and
withstand high currents. The higher the perme-
ability and the bigger the core, the lower the
number of turns in the winding, and thicker wires
are possible, thus lower level of Copper losses.
Ferroxcube supplies large quantities of these
cores to inverter manufacturers winding houses.
Preferred materials are 3E5, 3E6, 3E25 for lower
frequencies, and 4A11 for high frequency noise.
New materials 3E10 and 3E12, with higher per-
meability and tighter tolerance are also recom-
mended for this part of the inverter.
15
10
500
The DC/DC converter supplies a con-
tinuous and stable voltage to the
inverter in order to guarantee the
minimum voltage level required to
make the conversion possible. This
implies to step up the voltage level
provided by the cells. An energy stor-
age element such as an inductor is
required at this point. If galvanic isola-
tion between the grid and the panels is
needed, the DC/DC implements a
transformer as a part of the boost
converter.
The other inductive element of the
power conversion process is the reac-
tor, whose function is to smooth the
output of the DC/AC module in order
to provide the AC power signal to the
grid. Inverter inductors must with-
stand high current and require large
inductance. Consequently, the key
parameter of reactors is their energy
storage capability (dependent on the
inductance and the current through
the inductor), defined by
-20C
-100C
550
B(mT)
3C92
3C95
5
400
500
0
Taking all these factors into account,
Ferroxcube provides designers with
the most suitable shape for each appli-
cation, as well as support for new cus-
tom designs.
10
100
1000
10000
f(kHz)
3C92
300
450
Fig. 8:
Impedance as a function of frequency measured on a coated toroid of 36x23xh15mm
200
400
The advantage of ferrites over 3P1 is
that losses are significantly lower, thus
the efficiency of the equipment is
improved. On the other hand, 3P1 has
very high Bsat, and the size of the core
can be much smaller, hence cheaper
and lighter. The final choice depends
on the design conditions and prefer-
ences.
14
[Z]
(W)
35
12
350
100
10
300
0
0
50
100
150
8
-25
0
25
50
150
250
( C)
(A/)
6
Fig. 1:
Typical B-H loops
Fig. 2:
T. Saturation flux density with temperature for different
Ferroxcube power materials.
4
»
2
3C95:
Stability with temperature and the lowest power losses
0
FLEXIBILITY OF
SHAPES
Core stacking to
increase Ae
Different gapped
shapes
U cores, E cores,
assembled cores,
customized shapes
10
100
1000
10000
f(kHz)
»
Fig. 9:
Impedance as a function of frequency measured on a coated toroid of 36x23xh15mm
10000
•
•
•
120
m
3C92
3C95
3C95
25
[Z]
(W)
100
8000
36
VARIETY OF
MATERIALS
Low power losses at
a wide range of
temperature
High Bsat materials
20
80
6000
Typical materials for
common mode choke
60
15
•
4000
40
10
The following charts show impedance versus fre-
quency for different materials. Material selection
should be done based on the aforementioned
application parameters.
20
2000
5
0
•
W = LI
2
= B
sat
H
sat
V
e
Energy
0
50
100
150
0
0
-50
50
100
-250
( C)
10
100
1000
10000
( C)
f(kHz)
Fig. 3:
Initial permeability versus temperature
Fig. 4:
Power losses with temperature, measured at 25 khz, 250mT
Fig. 10:
Impedance as a function of frequency measured on a coated toroid of 36x23xh15mm
3P1:
The lowest /(Teslakg) in the market
60
30
310
312
[Z]
(W)
4A11
[Z]
(W)
50
3P1 features
40
20
30
Permeability
Density (g/cc)
Saturation flux density (T)
/(T kg)
110
7.3
1.45
5.5
Material Amorphous Sendust High flux Ferrite 3P1
20
10
10
/(T kg) 9 17 44 13 5.5
0
0
10
100
1000
10000
(
10
100
1000
10000
Fig. 5:
Main 3P1 features
Fig. 6:
Comparative of /T with other materials
( )
Fig. 7:
Impedance as a function of frequency measured on a coated toroid of 36x23xh15mm
Fig. 11:
Impedance as a function of frequency
measured on a toroid of 2515xh10mm
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